Light from smartphones, tablets may lower sleep hormone in kids

Probiotics don’t protect the intestines of critically ill patients against antibioticresistant bacteria, a new study indicates.

“Probiotic use is an intriguing topic,” lead author Dr. Jennie Kwon, a clinical researcher in

New research offers a compelling reason for parents to ban smartphones, tablets and laptops in their children’s bedrooms at night: The bright light of these devices may lower levels of melatonin, a hormone that prompts sleep.

The effect was most pronounced for kids just entering puberty, with nighttime melatonin levels suppressed by up to 37 percent in some cases, the investigators found.

With a recent study suggesting that 96 percent of teens use at least one hightech device in the hour before bedtime, the researchers have a suggestion for parents.

“The message is that we really have to be careful about protecting our especially young teens from light at night, which means parents need to get all screens out of the bedroom, because ultimately they can be quite damaging to a child’s capacity to get enough sleep,” said study co-author Mary Carskadon. She is a professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University’s Alpert Medical School, in Providence, R.I.

Puberty and changing sleep habits go hand-in-hand, the study authors noted, as growing kids start to push for later bedtimes. To some degree, the shift is likely prompted by several social factors, including the loosening of parental restrictions, budding friendships and media. But scientists believe that biological factors also play a role, as a child’s internal sleep clock starts to change. infectious disease at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, said in a university news release.

“With fewer therapies available to treat multidrugresistant organisms, innovative methods to prevent or eliminate

At the heart of that change is light sensitivity, said Carskadon, who’s also director of the Sleep and Chronobiology Research Laboratory at the E.P. Bradley Hospital. Her team theorized that puberty increases a child’s sensitivity to light at night, causing melatonin levels to stay low and delay sleep.

But the researchers also suspected this natural process could be knocked out of whack when newly light-sensitive children are around the bright glare of modern technology.

So the study authors focused on 38 children between the ages of 9 and 15 (early puberty), along with 29 boys and girls between the ages of 11 and 16 (later or post-puberty). For four nights, all were exposed to a single hour of light, involving four different brightness levels. Brightness levels ranged from near-dark “romantic gastrointestinal colonization [by bacteria] are necessary,” she explained.

Colonization is the first step before a full-blown infection can develop, the study authors explained.

The current research included restaurant lighting” all the way up to what Carskadon called “light you would find in the produce section of your favorite large supermarket.”

The exposures occurred either at 11 p.m. or 3 a.m., the authors said.

The result: While melatonin readings were uniform during the early morning light tests, late-night light tests caused much greater melatonin suppression among boys and girls at the earliest stages of puberty.

In that group, dim “mood” lighting suppressed melatonin by more than 9 percent, while “normal” room light triggered a 26 percent dip and “bright” light prompted a 37 percent plunge. Overall, older teens saw much smaller drops in melatonin levels, the study found.

The study did not prove that bright light before bedtime causes adolescents to get less sleep, however.

“We cannot say we found a sleep ’disturbance,’” Carskadon said. “But what we did find was that young children exposed to light at bedtime saw their melatonin production suppressed. And this could cause sleep rhythms to be affected in a way that causes children to stay up later, which is exactly what adolescents need not to be doing.”

Dr. Jim Pagel, director of Rocky Mountain Sleep in Pueblo, Col., agreed with the finding. It doesn’t surprise me,” he said. “At puberty onset, the circadian pattern is very unstable and very sensitive to light. So the problems they’re finding make sense.”

That opinion was seconded by Kelly Baron, director of the Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago.

“This study didn’t actually test how light affected sleep itself, but it did find that it causes a problem on the pathway to sleep by suppressing melatonin,” Baron said. At the same time, other studies have consistently shown that electronics in the bedroom are detrimental to sleep for both parents and kids, frankly, which means we all really should be thinking about ways to limit our exposure to electronics, and light in general, before we go to bed,” Baron said.

The study findings were published online recently in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. If your child tends to prefer junk food over healthier fare, there are ways to break the habit.

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics advises:

Don’t overdo restricting favored treats, as this can trigger overindulging.

If there’s a food you want your child to avoid, don’t keep it in the home.

Have plenty of healthier food options available, such as fruit and vegetables.

Continue offering healthier foods to your child; eventually, he or she may ask for them. Reward and praise your child for trying something new.