WAEC Government Essay Objective Questions 2021

Answer only Four questions in the section. Write your answers in the answer booklet provided. 1. (a) What is Political Socialization? Political socialization is the process of acquisition and transmission of political knowledge and value by individuals from one generation to another. (b) i. It involves the transmission of values and beliefs of the political culture by one generation to the next. ii. Political Culture is maintained and changed through political socialisation. The values, beliefs and orientations towards political objects and actions are transmitted as well as changed by this process. iii. Political Socialisation is a lifelong learning process but its pace and role keeps on changing from time to time. The process goes on continuously throughout the life of the individual. iv. Political Socialisation provides the necessary knowledge and incentive for individual’s participation in politics. Politically socialised individuals come forward to accept different roles in the political system. v. In nature, Political Socialisation is similar to, in fact, a part of the process of socialisation which is always at work in every society. 2. (a) Explain the concept of political participation. (b) Highlight any four methods of political participation. 3. Define Public Corporation. (a) A public corporation may be defined as a business organisation established, owned, managed and financed with tax payers money by government of a country with the main motive of making profit but to render essential services to members of the public. (b) i. Financial Control: The accounts of public corporations are audited from time to time by government Auditors and a copy of the Auditors’ report is submitted to the Minister which he presents to the parliament and this prevents financial mismanagement. ii. Judicial Control: As a legal entity which can sue and be sued, a public corporation can be dragged to court if it fails to act within the limits set by the law that established it and its action declared ultra vires. iii. Ministerial Control: Ministers that are answerable to the parliament are given extensive power over public corporations. These include powers to appoint and dismiss members of Board of Directors, determination of remunerations, conditions of service, approving all loans and major expenditures etc. iv. Public Control: Members of the public who consume goods and services of the public corporations exercise some form of control through criticisms they level against these corporations. 4. (a) Highlight any four major objectives of the foreign policy of any one West African Country. (b) Outline any four ways of preventing military intervention in politics. 5. Highlight five reasons for the slow rate of nationalism in French speaking West Africa. 6. i. Shortage of fund: The involvement of this organization in large scale operation affects its financial resources. This has created over time,shortage of funds. ii. Sovereignty of nation: The U.N.O cannot effectively enforce its decision because member states are not ready to surrender their sovereignty to the authority of the organization. iii. The veto power: Each of the five permanent members of the security council has a veto power. This could be used at times to satisfy their selfish interest at the expense of fulfilling the objectives of the organization. iv. Poverty: The inability of the united nation to effectively address the issue of poverty among member states. v. Difference in ideology: There difference in ideology, culture, politics and methods used in pursuing economic goal. This may negate the evolution of lasting peace in the world. 7. (a) Highlight four features of the 1979 Republican Constitution. (b) State two ways by which the President could be removed from office according to the Constitution. 8. (a) i. National party of Nigeria (NDN) – Alhaji Shehu Shagari ii. The Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) – Chief Obafemi Awolowo iii. The Great Nigeria People’s Party (GNPP) – Waziri Ibrahim (b) i. Since independence, political party have showed that they are loyal to the electorate during campaign and would serve their Interest of vote to power ii. They usually organize membership to reach all corners of the country iii. They have showed that their main objectives are to contests election,win and grow the country by all means. 9. i. The constitution is not a product of any constitutional conference; It was hurriedly prepared by the outgoing military government of General Abdulsalam Abubakar. Thus, many Nigerians continue to criticize it and see it more as a military constitution than the civilian constitution. ii. The constitution fails to define the roles of the traditional rulers in government. And The recognition of the Sharia courts contravenes the description of the country as being SECULAR. iii. The constitution is not clear on the functions and creation of the local governments; This makes local governments to be at the mercy of the other governments. Then, this