Burna Boy: The Afropolitan troubadour

IN March, 29- year old singer, Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu - better known as Burna Boy - became the first Nigerian to win an individual Grammy for best album in the World Music category. He triumphed for his 2020 Twice as Tall album. As he noted: “This is a big win for Africans of my generation all over the world.” Burna Boy describes his music as “Afrofusion”: an inventive mix of Afrobeat, dancehall, reggae, R& B, and road rap originated from Africa, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Black America, combined with classical Western violin and piano. Nigeria’s $ 73 million entertainment industry is the fastest growing in the world. Though the albums of Sunny Ade, Femi Kuti, and Seun Kuti had all previously been nominated for Grammys, none had ever won the award. This victory demonstrated Burna Boy’s gritty determination, having lost last year to Beninois songstress, Angélique Kidjo, in the same category. The Nigerian superstar has 6.3 million followers on Instagram; his albums have drawn tens of millions of streams; and Twice as Tall had 5 million streams in its first hour of release.

Burna Boy sees himself as part of a youthful generation that is seeking to transform the negative image of Africa as a continent of wars and famine. His songs are local, but seek a global audience. Having burst onto the music scene in 2011 – the year of the youth- led Afro- Arab Spring – he identifies strongly with Africa’s 60% youth population. He is articulate and soft- spoken, and driven by a sense of divine destiny to leave a lasting legacy through his music. He has thus consciously sought to create a body of work that captures the zeitgeist. A generous collaborator, Burna Boy mobilizes a PanAfrican orchestra to create revolutionary anthems.

Supremely self- confident, the Nigerian singer firmly believes he is better than any of his rivals. But he is also a paradox: his shy and humble private demeanour contrasts starkly with his flamboyant and brash stage alter- ego. He is also deeply religious wearing a cross as an ear- ring amidst a body full of tattoos, rings, and jewellery: all in the image of a foulmouthed gangsta rapper.

A Meteoric Rise

Burna Boy was born in Nigeria’s fifth largest city of Port Harcourt in the oil- producing Niger Delta. His father, Samuel, managed a welding company while his multilingual academic mother, Bosede, was a translator, before becoming his manager. Damini thus had a solidly middle- class background, attending Corona Secondary School in Ogun State, before studying Media Technology at Sussex University and Media Communications and Culture at Oxford Brookes University, both in England. He is an Afropolitan citizen of the world fighting the cause of marginalized, voiceless youth.

His grandfather, Benson Idonnije, had been the first manager of Nigeria’s most famous musician: Afrobeat superstar, Fela Anikulapo- Kuti. Burna Boy’s great idols growing up were Fela and the Jamaicans, Bob Marley and Buju Banton. Deeply influenced by Fela – singing in English, Yoruba, Igbo, and the Pidgin of the masses - he has remained true to his culture. Like Fela, Burna Boy has also been a consistent social critic who has condemned Africa’s political class for not taking its youth seriously, and for failing to create the enabling environment for them to fulfil their huge potential.

His 2013 L. I. F. E ( Leaving An Impact For Eternity) album, was a homage to the music of Fela, Sunny Ade, and Bob Marley, produced by the trusted Leriq. His meteoric rise led to a record deal with Atlantic Records in 2017. His third album, Outside,

was released a year later to critical acclaim from a growing legion of youthful fans. Burna Boy’s popularity was confirmed as he played to a sold- out O2 Academy in London’s Brixton district where he had spent part of his childhood among Caribbean and African youth. His success was further recognised when he won the 2019 Black Entertainment Television Awards, and recorded the only solo single on Beyoncé’s The Lion King: The Gift. Burna Boy’s “My Money, My Baby” also appeared on the star- studded soundtrack of the 2019 romantic road crime drama, Queen and Slim. Pan- African Gulliver: African giant, twice as tall

Burna Boy’s guiding philosophy is PanAfricanism. He firmly believes in rebuilding bridges with the African Diaspora, viewing Africa as the Mother Continent and birthplace of humankind. He sees himself as “building a bridge that leads every Black person in the world to come together.” As he argued: “the world started from Africa. So music must have started from Africa.” Burna Boy has called for all African countries to unite with a single passport, and argued that history must be taught from both the perspective of the colonizer and the colonized. Playing on Nigeria’s nickname as “The Giant of Africa” and his childhood obsession with superheroes, he often uses the image of a Gulliver to depict the huge potential of a continent and its Diaspora.

Burna Boy released African Giant in 2019 as a homage to this Pan- African spirit. It won the Album of the Year at the 2019 All Africa Music Awards, and was accompanied by the hugely successful African Giant global tour which sold out Wembley Arena. Songs like “Another Story” condemns the negative impact of the Royal Niger Company in imposing colonial rule on Nigeria; “Collateral Damage” criticises the cowardice of Nigerians in not confronting their oppressors; while “Wetin Man Go Do” laments the suffering of the masses.

In 2020, Twice as Tall was released, with

Burna Boy setting out explicitly to win a Grammy, lamenting his loss the previous year in “Level Up.” The album debuted at number 1 on the Billboard World Albums charts, and involved collaboration with global artists such as Sean “Diddy” Combs and Youssou N’dour. Twice as Tall was mostly recorded during the COVID- 19 lockdown, and Burna Boy’s artistic versatility is on full display: “23” is a homage to basketball superstar, Michael Jordan, inspired by the Netflix documentary The Last Dance; the pop song “Monsters You Made” is accompanied by an artistically brilliant video rich with traditional costumes and dance, and condemns oppressive African governments and foreign collaborators who have ruined the future of African youth; Onyeka is an ode to Nigerian social activist Onyeka Onwenu; “Naughty by Nature” is a rap song; “Time Flies” is a sultry melody; while “Wetin Dey Sup” is a lament complete with police sirens. In an era of “Black Lives Matter,” the Nigerian Afrobeats star has explicitly linked the struggles against police and securocrat brutality on unarmed blacks in America and Nigeria.

The World At His Feet

Burna Boy’s success has attracted many accolades. Aniefiok Ekpoudom noted that he “has elegance, grace and charisma, a magnetic aura that follows him like a shadow;” Sean Combs observed that “He’s not just on a musical artist trip. He’s a revolutionary. His conviction is serious;” while John Pareles raved: “Burna Boy’s Afro- fusion is omnivorous and supremely catchy.” With this Grammy win, built on his hard work, ambition, and hunger to succeed, the Nigerian superstar has leapt above the rest of the competition and established himself as the leading troubadour of Afrobeats. The world is now firmly at his feet.

Professor Adebajo is director of the University of Johannesburg’s Institute for PanAfrican Thought and Conversation in South Africa.