COVID- 19 aided productivity, changed working conditions in Africa, says ILO
COVID- 19 unexpectedly led to improvement in productivity and working conditions in Africa, a new report by the International Labour Organisation ( ILO) finds.
The ILO report, ‘ The Next Normal: The changing workplace in Africa - 10 Trends from the COVID- 19 pandemic that are shaping workplaces in Africa’, finds that while Africa has been hit hard by the COVID- 19 pandemic, workers and enterprises have responded to the challenges with great resilience and adaptability.
However, the report says the pandemic has fundamentally altered where and how people work, upending many long- standing norms and practices.
Enterprises and workers have made many changes, often out of necessity, though they have regularly brought unexpected improvements in productivity or working conditions.
The report identified key trends across the continent, observing that perhaps no single trend has defined the pandemic era more than the shift from physical to remote work.
It finds that 36 per cent of workers in the surveyed enterprises worked remotely during the pandemic, saying: “not surprisingly, remote work was more common among certain groups of workers, suggesting that a person’s job type and the sector of the economy in which they work also determines how they work – both now and in the future. Looking ahead, the future looks more hybrid rather than fully remote.”
The report indicates that only four per cent of enterprises indicated that they would transition to a fully remote workplace.
It further notes that despite all the challenges of the pandemic, productivity has improved or remained constant at most enterprises – an inadvertent consequence of the pandemic for many enterprises, who were pushed to find new ways of doing things.
According to the study, 85 per cent of the enterprises surveyed for the report said that COVID- related changes resulted in either an improvement or no change to productivity. Additionally, 46 per cent of the enterprises surveyed said that changes to business processes resulted in productivity gains.
It says productivity gains have been driven in part by the push to find digital processes to replace analogue ones.
It finds that 80 per cent of enterprises have re- examined how they measure productivity since the start of the pandemic, with enterprises increasingly focusing on outputs as their key measure of productivity.
81 per cent of the enterprises said they now focused on outputs as the key measure of productivity.
Another key change has been the skills needs of enterprises with digital, communication, innovation and teamwork skills emerging as the top priorities for enterprises. More than 40 per cent of enterprises cited each of these skill types as a top- three need in the future. Enterprises have also changed the ways that they train, share knowledge and collaborate.
The report noted that one of the most prevalent changes to training and collaboration has been the growth of digital training courses, which have been adopted by over 50 per cent of enterprises surveyed.
However, the report noted that the pandemic has deepened gender inequality in the workplace, explaining, “the reasons for this are many and complex but include: the burden of unpaid care work has disproportionately fallen to women, coupled with the increase in care needed due to school closures; women were more likely to hold more vulnerable temporary and parttime positions and often in sectors hardest hit by lockdowns and restrictions, such as leisure, hospitality and retail, as well as the fact that there are more female workers in front- line and high- risk sectors in Africa.”