CAUTIOUS CONSTRUCTION
The construction of the pyramids had begun with preparing the site of the Giza complex which is known to be the highest point in all of Cairo, then clearing the area and levelling the ground to create a solid foundation for the pyramid.
Limestone blocks were quarried from an area nearby. These blocks could weigh about two tons each and were transported to the construction site. A rectangular or square base was laid out, and then the base stones were carefully placed to ensure stability.
The ancient Egyptians are believed to have used a ramp system to move the massive stones into position. This could have been a straight or zigzagging ramp made of mud bricks, rubble, or limestone. The pyramid was built in steps, each layer consisting of horizontally laid limestone blocks. As the pyramid grew taller, the layers decreased in size, as seen today. Some of the tools used included levers, sleds, and possibly counterweights to position the stones accurately.
The pyramid was originally covered in smooth, polished white limestone casing stones. These outer stones were meticulously placed to create a smooth surface, which has since been removed or eroded. Some believe a solid gold top was placed at the summit of all the pyramids of Giza. The Interior of the pyramid was carefully designed to hold chambers and corridors. The main burial chamber was constructed with granite and might have contained the pharaoh's sarcophagus like the rest of the pyramid of Giza.
The Pyramid of Menkaure acted as a funerary tomb, which remains a cultural and religious wonder that sheds great facts about the afterlife. It is the smallest and shortest member of the pyramids of Giza. The pyramid complex includes three smaller queen's pyramids and a mortuary temple.