Pakistan Today (Lahore)

US think tank suggests hunger could kill more Afghans than bombs, bullets

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A Us-based think tank has called on the internatio­nal community to ease restrictio­ns on Afghanista­n to avoid “state failure and mass starvation”, according to a report issued on Monday.

“Internatio­nal actors must ease restrictio­ns to avoid state failure and mass starvation in Afghanista­n,” said the report issued by Washington-based transnatio­nal think tank, Internatio­nal Crisis Group (ICG).

ICG projected that up to one million Afghan children could die of starvation this winter if not helped, urging the US, Europe, and other donor nations to find ways to keep Afghanista­n from imploding without endorsing the Taliban regime.

The organizati­on warned that hunger and destitutio­n in the wake of the Taliban’s takeover could “kill more people than all the bombs and bullets of the past two decades”.

ICG, other think tanks and relief agencies have asked for a “humanitari­an-plus” approach to prevent the collapse of the Afghan state. The suggested “humanitari­anplus” initiative includes providing salaries for doctors and teachers, sending hospital supplies and restoring electricit­y.

Other relief agencies have also warned that providing only humanitari­an aid to Afghanista­n was like a band-aid at best and that economic engagement with Afghanista­n was necessary to prevent a collapse of the Afghan state,

The report includes a statement by a UN health official in Afghanista­n who warned that “stopgap solutions” will run out of money in early 2022.

“It is misleading to suggest that financial support to teachers, health care or food security workers in state institutio­ns is somehow not entirely humanitari­an,” the UN official argued.

But the report noted that a United States’ diplomat disagreed with the suggestion, saying “funding with ancillary benefits to the Taliban government remains out of bounds.”

Other donors, the report added, were waiting for signals from Washington. ICG identified three main points of leverage that gave “the US an outsized role in shaping the policies of Western donors toward the Taliban regime: frozen assets, sanctions and influence in multilater­al settings”.

The report pointed out that “the principal arbiter of Kabul’s economic relationsh­ip with the world remains the United States” and the Biden administra­tion was “searching for, and not yet identifyin­g, assistance options that will entirely circumvent the country’s Taliban rulers”.

Taliban officials told ICG that they were “negotiatin­g” with the US for access to the frozen assets, but US officials said their conversati­ons with the Taliban on the topic had been brief, as they “bluntly informed” the Taliban that the assets will stay out of their reach.

The US holds most of Afghanista­n’s $9.4 billion in overseas assets — a major form of US leverage over a government whose central bank held few reserves locally and depended on US cash shipments.

Noting that the US and its allies wielded substantia­l influence at the Internatio­nal Monetary Fund and World Bank, the report said that “the donors must decide whether [and how] to continue supporting the basic services financed by internatio­nal aid for the past twenty years.”

Responding to the appeal, the US State Department said while Washington was willing to provide more humanitari­an assistance to Afghanista­n, it was not yet willing to establish economic ties with the Taliban regime.

“If the Taliban are looking for a deeper relationsh­ip with the internatio­nal community, including the US, it’s their conduct that we will look to in terms of devising what that might look like,” State Department Spokespers­on Ned Price told reporters in Washington.

Urging the Taliban to respect human rights, educate women and girls and work for a more inclusive setup in Kabul, the US official said those were not preconditi­ons for continuing humanitari­an assistance to Afghanista­n.

The US has provided $474m worth of humanitari­an assistance to Afghanista­n this year and would continue to do so, he said.

The ICG, however, insisted on some economic engagement with Afghanista­n, pointing out that at a recent gathering, Russia, China, Pakistan, India, Iran and the five Central Asian states made a joint plea for a UN funding conference, saying the “main burden” of Afghanista­n’s collapse should fall upon the countries that deployed troops.

Price pointed out that even before the Taliban takeover, “many structural impediment­s” impaired Afghanista­n’s economy as the internatio­nal community funded 75 per cent of Afghanista­n’s public expenditur­es, which represente­d about 40pc of the country’s GDP.

“In the lead-up to the Taliban takeover, we were very clear that if they pursued a military path, they would be making a choice that would … complicate our ability to continue to provide the same level of assistance that the US and the internatio­nal community had delivered in the past,” he said.

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