Fed's $3 trillion virus rescue inflates market bubbles
The Federal Reserve's $3 trillion bid to stave off an economic crisis in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak is fuelling excesses across U.S. capital markets.
The US central bank has pledged unlimited financial asset purchases to sustain market liquidity, increasing its balance sheet from $4.2 trillion in February to $7 trillion today. While the vast majority of these purchases have been limited to US Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities, the Fed's pledge to bolster the corporate bond market has been enough to spur a frenzy among investors for bonds and stocks.
"COVID-19 is now inversely related to the markets. The worse that COVID-19 gets, the better the markets do because the Fed will bring in stimulus.
That is what has been driving markets," said Andrew Brenner, head of international fixed income at NatAlliance. The Federal Reserve has not bought stocks as part of its financial stimulus programs. But its near-zero interest rates and credit support for large swathes of Corporate America have driven yield-hungry investors back to the equity market.
Since their bottom on March 23, the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average have both risen more than 40% and the Nasdaq composite has gained nearly 60%. The S&P 500's forward price-to-earnings ratio is currently 21.5, a level last seen during the dot-com boom 20 years ago.
The stock market euphoria has spilled over into initial public offerings (IPOs) and other stock sales to investors. A record $184 billion was raised in U.S. equity capital markets in the second quarter, according to Refinitiv IFR data. Over $8.9 billion worth of IPOs in the second quarter priced above the target range, the highest amount since the third quarter of 2014, according to Dealogic.
"Why anyone would buy Nissans at Bentley prices is beyond me, but that's what happens generally with any sexy IPO. Sure the Nissan has 4 wheels and it's fine transportation, but is it worth a
Bentley valuation?" said Richard Bernstein, chief investment officer at Richard Bernstein Advisors. The Fed's bond-buying programs encouraged companies to tap credit markets and made the second quarter the busiest ever for debt issuance.
Some $1.2 trillion of investment-grade paper was sold in the first half of the year, the highest issuance volume recorded by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association.
Even though the Fed refrained from buying most junk-rated bonds, issuance was at $200 billion through June, more than double last year's rate. "Investment grade and high yield bonds had an incredible quarter in terms of issuance and performance. We just continue to see more and more money flow into those markets," said Ted Swimmer, head of capital markets at Citizen's Commercial Banking. "But there's been so much new issuance in the second quarter, you get concerned you're not going to see a ton of new issuance in the third quarter."
The premiums investors demand for holding riskier corporate debt over safer Treasury bonds, or credit spreads, narrowed sharply in the second quarter. On March 23, investors were paid the highest premium in 11 years to hold junk-rated debt, as measured by the ICE/BofA high-yield index. That number nearly halved by the end of the second quarter. Investment-grade debt, using the equivalent ICE/BofA index has recovered almost fully from 401 basis points on March 23 to 152 basis points today.
Meanwhile, Mexico's Interjet said on Monday it received a $150 million capital injection to help the company through a major restructuring in a bid to offset the crisis in the airline sector as the coronavirus pandemic choked global travel.
Interjet, one of Mexico's three biggest airlines with a portfolio of more than 50 routes, announced restructure plans last month as local media speculated about the carrier's financial health. The struggling Mexican airline said a group of investors, headed by businessmen Carlos Cabal and Alejandro del Valle, has injected capital to help shore up the company.