Yuan’s the new dollar as Russia rides to the redback

Chinese entrepreneur Wang Min is delighted about Russia’s embrace of the yuan. His LED lights company can price contracts to Russian customers in yuan rather than dollars or euros, and they can pay him in yuan. It’s “winwin”, he says.

Wang’s plans have been transformed by the conflict in Ukraine and the subsequent Western sanctions on Moscow that have shut Russia’s banks and many of its companies out of the dollar and euro payment systems.

His contract manufacturing business with Russia has been small in the past, but now he’s preparing to invest in warehousing there.

“We hope that next year sales in Russia can account for 10-15 per cent of our total sales,” said the businessman from China’s southern coastal province of Guangdong, whose annual revenue of about $20 million mainly comes from Africa and South America.

Wang is seeking to capitalise on a rapid “yuanisation” of Russia’s economy this year as the isolated country seeks financial security from Asian powerhouse China. He sees a win-win situation in Chinese exporters reducing their currency risks and payment becoming more convenient for Russian buyers.

While the yuan, or renminbi, has been making gradual inroads into Russia for years, the crawl has turned into a sprint in the past nine months as the currency has swept into the country’s markets and trade flows, according to a Reuters review of data and interviews with 10 business and finance players.

Russia’s financial shift eastwards could boost cross-border commerce, present a growing economic counterweight to the dollar and limit Western efforts to pressure Moscow by economic means. Total transactions in the yuan-rouble pair on the Moscow Exchange ballooned to an average of almost 9 billion yuan ($1.25 billion) a day last month, exchange data analysed by Reuters showed. Previously, they rarely exceeded 1 billion yuan in an entire week.

“What happened was that it became suddenly very risky and expensive to keep traditional currencies – dollar, euro, British pounds,” said

Andrei Akopian, managing director of Moscow-based investment firm Caderus Capital, citing the potential danger of a bank that keeps foreign currency deposits being sanctioned.

“Everybody was motivated and even pushed towards the rouble or other currencies including, and first of all, the renminbi.”

Indeed, yuan-rouble trading totalled 185 billion yuan in October, more than 80 times the level seen in February when Russia launched what it refers to as a “special military operation” in Ukraine near the end of the month, according to exchange data.

The surge of interest has seen the yuan’s share of the currency market jump to 40-45 per cent from less than 1 per cent at the start of the year, said

Dmitry Piskulov, international projects head at the Moscow Exchange’s foreign-exchange market department.

By comparison, the dollar/rouble pair, which commanded more than 80 per cent of trading volumes on the Russian market in January, has seen its share drop to about 40 per cent as of October, according to exchange data and the central bank.

The US Treasury declined to comment on the yuan’s growing presence in Russia. International money flows reflect a similar trend.

Until April, Russia didn’t even make the top 15 list of countries using the yuan outside mainland China, in terms of the value of inbound and outbound flows, according to data from global financial networking system SWIFT.

It has since jumped to No. 4, lagging only Hong Kong, the city’s former colonial ruler Britain and Singapore.

To put this in a global context, though, the dollar and euro are still by far the dominant currencies, representing more than 42 per cent and 35 per cent of flows respectively as of September this year. The yuan has risen to almost 2.5 per cent from below 2 per cent two years earlier.

Wang’s business optimism is echoed by Shen Muhui, who heads a trade group for small exporters to Russia in neighbouring Fujian province. He said more and more Russian buyers were opening yuan accounts and settling transactions directly in the Chinese currency, which he said was a big advantage.