Why marine turtles are worth more to us alive than dead
‘Unless we seriously take on the task of protecting our much-endangered marine turtles, these ancient creatures will no longer be swimming in our waters,‘ warned the environmental group Haribon
If a marine turtle, locally known as pawikan, is allowed to live up to 57 years, how much would be its value? Believe it or not, a whopping P4.80 million can be derived from the endangered species, said the Biodiversity Management Bureau. BMB is a line agency of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, which conducted the study under the Asian Development Bank/Global Environment Facility project on Combating Environmental Organized Crime in the Philippines.
In the study, the estimation was based on the marine turtle’s ecological role in coastal and marine ecosystems and on the tourism value it generates: P900,000 and P3.90 million, respectively.
“The annual use value of the entire population of the Philippine marine turtle, which is conservatively estimated at 7,294 individuals, ranged between P2.89 billion and P3.19 billion (US$57.88-63.85 million) per year,” the study said.
According to the World-Wide Fund for Nature, the economic value of conserving healthy and diverse turtle populations to avoid marine turtle extinctions is more than 50 thousand times greater than the value of harvesting turtles for their meat and shells.
Eight species
There are only eight species of marine turtles known. Fortunately, five of them can be found in the Philippines, mostly in the Turtle Islands (located along the boundary of Malaysia and the Philippines). These are the Green Sea (scientific name: Chelonia mydas), Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), Leatherback (Dermocheyls coriacea), Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea).
The three other species, not found in the Philippines, are the Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempi), Flatback (Chelonia depressa) and Black Sea (Chelonia agassizi).
All marine turtle species are protected under Republic Act 9147 or the Philippine Wildlife Act. This means it is illegal to collect, possess, buy, sell, import and export marine turtles, their by-products and derivatives.
“All of the species found in our country are endangered except for the Hawksbill which is critically endangered,” said Dr. Arnel “AA” Yaptinchay, founder and director of the Marine Wildlife Watch of the Philippines. “The only sure thing is that marine turtle populations are under tremendous threats and if these are not stopped, extinction is imminent.”
Aside from their meat, marine turtles are valued for their eggs, which look like ping-pong balls and rounder than chicken eggs. The yellow or yolk of turtle eggs is considered medicinal by some people.
Marine turtles are also hunted to make different products. The Hawksbill’s carapace is used to make combs, brush handles, eyeglass frames, buttons, hairclips, and jewelry.
Pollution is another culprit for its decimation. In the past, marine turtles used to occupy the shallow waters of Manila Bay. But toxic wastes flowing from the Pasig River, ocean-going vessels plying the bay, and the government’s reclamation projects have long driven the marine turtles away.
Marine turtles also face danger from the day they are born; they are hunted by monitor lizards or bayawak, dogs and ghost crabs. For every 1,000 hatchlings released in the open sea, only one survives.
Dynamite fishing and the use of trawl nets where turtles abound have also threatened the marine turtles. Ditto for the rapid development of beach resorts for the tourism industry as these destroy the nesting beaches of marine turtles.
“Unless we seriously take on the task of protecting our much-endangered marine turtles, these ancient creatures will no longer be swimming in our waters,” warned the environmental group Haribon.
Marine protected area
In Davao City, the Aboitiz Group is trying to protect the endangered marine species. It owns eight hectares in the southeastern portion of the 37-hectare Marine Protected Area located in Punta Dumalag in Matina Aplaya.
As part of its corporate responsibility, it converted the area into an eight-hectare ecological preserve, called Cleanergy Park and managed by Davao Light, an AboitizPower subsidiary.
In partnership with the regional office of Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the local government of Davao City, the team at the Aboitiz Cleanergy Park established a Pawikan Rescue Center inside the park to conserve and protect the pawikan and their marine habitat.
The park is completely wireless and is built entirely using recycled materials. Even at night, lights and lamps are not used, except for flashlights by the roving guards and staff, in order not to disturb or confuse the pawikan’s nesting in the area and other animals that consider the park their home.
“We are fully committed to our cause of saving the pawikans,” said Fermin Edillon, the park’s reputation enhancement manager. “We must all carry this responsibility so that our future generations will be able to see them. It can be through small acts such as keeping our coastal areas clean, not littering and having safe practices when fishing. These are very simple but have a large impact on preserving our environment.”
Marine turtles are the contemporaries of the dinosaurs. These ancient creatures have been around for about 110 million years. Their natural lifespan is estimated to be from 50 to 100 years. But, like many other creatures, they may soon be gone — if we don’t do enough to save them from extinction.