Kosher meets industrial food at enzymes, acids

FRANKLINTON, N.C. (AP) -- Orthodox Rabbi Pinchas Herman’s duties have him rappelling inside a two-story-tall stainless steel tank at a factory that makes enzymes for food products.

For 10 minutes, the 47-year-old from Raleigh runs his thumb along corners of the stainless steel tank and scans screens with his flashlight. He’s checking whether the equipment is clean enough to make a product for sweeteners that can be declared kosher for Passover.

“Just checking for any possible residue from the prior product. The thing it comes to with various raw materials, it is difficult to get it fully removed,” he said. Later, he’ll stand in the control room watching the rising temperature of water being circulated through the equipment to clean it.

The inspection is an example of how the centuries-old dietary code of observant Jews is adapting to modern food technology and how kosher is increasingly being used as a mark of quality in the global food and drinks industry.

Herman’s work at the Danish-owned Novozymes plant includes near-daily visits to a Durham supplier. There he checks that overseas deliveries arrive with unbroken seals set by rabbis abroad. Herman then checks that the preservatives extending shelf life and stabilizers controlling pH balance are properly repackaged for the short trip to Franklinton, about 25 miles north of Raleigh.

Besides the duties of his congregation, Herman roams the eastern half of the state, investigating components of the food chain ranging from citric acid to chemicals that may line the inside of a can of green beans.

“Somebody’s going all the way. They start from the beginning of whatever the process is,” said Herman, who was dispatched to Novozymes by the New Yorkbased Orthodox Union, the country’s largest kosher certifying organization.

Kosher describes foods that meet dietary laws, based in the Old Testament, on what is fit for people to eat. The dietary laws predominantly deal with three issues. Some animals like cattle and finned fish are allowed, while others like pork and shellfish aren’t. Blood must be drawn out of meat before it’s eaten. Meat and milk can’t be mixed. There are many details, and rules are more stringent for Passover.

The rabbi’s mission is to inspect and audit a food plant, not to bless the process or its products, said Joe Regenstein, a food science professor at Cornell University. They are checking materials used, the past uses of equipment, the piping and other process flow details, he said. Kosher adherence is likely to mean that a food producer will have to keep a detailed list of every ingredient used there, something that they might not otherwise compile.

Nothing’s perfect. A New York City kosher food producer saw its inventory seized in April after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration found widespread rodent infestation. But millions of U.S. consumers like the idea that someone besides government food inspectors is checking their food.

U.S. sales of kosher prepared foods, meat, fish and dairy topped $12.5 billion in 2008, according to market research firm Mintel. That was projected to grow by this year to about $15.3 billion as more and more existing products join Oreo cookies and Tootsie Rolls in becoming certified, the firm said.

While only about one out of eight Americans bought kosher products, 62 percent who did reported that the main appeal was food quality, according to a 2009 Mintel consumer survey. Just 14 percent of respondents said their purchases were because they follow kosher religious rules, the survey said.