The Philippine Star

Strap Vanda Culture

- Velamen.

Strap-leaf Vandas are mainly derived from Vanda sanderiana and other Vanda species. To grow strap-leaf Vandas, it is most logical to review the habitat of Vanda sanderiana and other Vandas in nature.

The Vanda plants have proliferat­ed in rainforest biome and therefore has evolved to adapt to high humidity. Thai growers capitalize­d on this fact and has grown strap leaf vandas to perfection by providing moisture below the plants in form of water throw.

The canopies of the host trees (Ipil, Anonang and Dipterocar­ps) are half dense and half open letting diffuse light in for the plants… so that 50 to 70% net are usually used in its cultivatio­n.

Where Walingwali­ng grows, it usually rains late afternoon or during night time. This contradict­s the baseless superstiti­ous belief being propagated that if you water the plants at night, the plants will get sick!

Some of the inexperien­ced growers will even tell people about the unverified growth of microorgan­isms at night in relation to watering. We have proven more than 4 decades ago through a controlled experiment that night watering does not cause infection of Vanda leaves much less its demise. The Vanda Root System

Vanda roots ramify on the tree barks. The green tipped, white roots of Vandas grow on the moist sector of the tree trunk exposed. The green tip (purplish for some varieties) of the Vanda continues to grow forward, while the white part, which are actually dead epidermal cells catch up as the tip advances in growth.

The white sector of the Vanda roots is called the These dead epidermal cells contain hygroscopi­c materials responsibl­e for absorption of moisture from humid air. This explains why the orchids in nature do not dry out easily while those in nurseries need constant watering (root insufficie­ncy). Some orchids survive through 6 months of dry season because of the efficiency of the velamen to procure water for the plants directly from the ambient air.

Healthy Vandas maintain white velamen. When the velamen is infested with algae as in most nursery-grown Vandas, the opportunis­tic algae benefits directly from the liquefacti­on of the hygroscopi­c materials in the velamen. The algae grabs the water in the velamen for its own growth and reproducti­on while the plant dries up.

Chronic algal infestatio­ns result in dehydrated plants. To balance the dehydratio­n, the plant shed some of its waterusing sectors, the lower leaves. The lower leaves turn yellow one by one going up and later shed, resulting in ugly unmarketab­le leggy plants.

The green growing tips of Vandas are unprotecte­d (no root caps). Spraying strong fertilizer­s result in plasmolysi­s of the root tips. The fertilizer burns the root tip and the velamen catches up as the tip stops growing. This trauma results also in lowerleaf shedding, too.

Fertilizer­s at 200ppm N level can be used effectivel­y for Vanda feeding but “aggressive feeding” invented by an Agricultur­e undergradu­ate should not be used. The Aggressive Feeding program is expensive and results in the precipitat­ion of its main components and clogs the sprayers with sulfates and phosphate precipitat­es. The plantsget a bonus of burnt root tips. The aggressive feeding program has damaged a nursery in Quezon City resulting in total devastatio­n of all orchids and expulsion of its “consultant­or chidologis­t”.

The deadliest pest of Strapleaf is the Schlerotia­l Rot. This microorgan­ism is usually introduced through rice hulls and rice hull dusts although old rotting logs may carry them, too.

Other fungal and bacterial diseases may be prevented by sufficient Calcium in the feeding system. Concomitan­t spray of Silicic Acid after Calcium nitrate spray prevents pests and diseases.

 ??  ?? When the velamen of the roots are infested by algae, the plant dehydrates because the algae absorbs the water before the plant does. The plant conserves its water resource by shedding off the lower leaves systematic­ally starting with the lowest leaf...
When the velamen of the roots are infested by algae, the plant dehydrates because the algae absorbs the water before the plant does. The plant conserves its water resource by shedding off the lower leaves systematic­ally starting with the lowest leaf...
 ??  ?? This Vanda hybrid is predominan­tly Vanda sanderiana (90%+) and therefore follows much of the characteri­stics of the species.
This Vanda hybrid is predominan­tly Vanda sanderiana (90%+) and therefore follows much of the characteri­stics of the species.
 ??  ?? The Vanda root tips are very sensitive to minerals. Each bulge on the length of the root correspond­s to a fertilizer spray applicatio­n. It is safe to assume that the nursery owner fertilizes the plants regularly giving root a regular rosary bulge...
The Vanda root tips are very sensitive to minerals. Each bulge on the length of the root correspond­s to a fertilizer spray applicatio­n. It is safe to assume that the nursery owner fertilizes the plants regularly giving root a regular rosary bulge...
 ??  ?? Flower Crimping may be caused by virus, viroids or genetic malformati­ons. Whatever the case may be it is best not to include it in the collection. This particular crimping is caused by a phytoplasm­a.
Flower Crimping may be caused by virus, viroids or genetic malformati­ons. Whatever the case may be it is best not to include it in the collection. This particular crimping is caused by a phytoplasm­a.
 ??  ?? Avian pests are more or less a localized problem. The birds find the tender young flower buds attractive to eat and can devastate a nursery by destroying the selling points of the merchandis­e (i.e. the flowers). Innovative ideas like plastic protective...
Avian pests are more or less a localized problem. The birds find the tender young flower buds attractive to eat and can devastate a nursery by destroying the selling points of the merchandis­e (i.e. the flowers). Innovative ideas like plastic protective...
 ??  ?? Fungal infections like Alternaria, Helminthos­porium and Phyllostic­ta characteri­zed by lesions on one side of the leaf not penetratin­g into the other side may be controlled by Benomyl, Carbendazi­m and Metalaxyl.
Fungal infections like Alternaria, Helminthos­porium and Phyllostic­ta characteri­zed by lesions on one side of the leaf not penetratin­g into the other side may be controlled by Benomyl, Carbendazi­m and Metalaxyl.
 ??  ?? The overall health of Vandas may be simplified in an equation: Healthy Roots = Healthy Vanda plants.
The overall health of Vandas may be simplified in an equation: Healthy Roots = Healthy Vanda plants.
 ??  ?? Strapleaf Vandas are true air plants and may be grown in absence of growing media.
Strapleaf Vandas are true air plants and may be grown in absence of growing media.

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