2020: OWEZI- Unyaka oqale washeshe waphela
Umkhuhlane usuqede amaphupho abantu nohulumeni bamazwe Alikho izwe elizosinda kulokhu
Kuvamile ukuthi uma kusongwa unyaka omdala kuqala omusha, abantu babe nezinhlelo kanjalo namaphupho amasha. Lesi sikhathi sifikile kubantu bonke nakohulumeni uma kuqala unyaka ophezulu owezi-2020. Nokho akukapheli nezinyanga ezintathu lo nyaka uqalile njengoba abantu nohulumeni kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba bephithene amakhanda. Indaba iqalwe wukubheduka komkhuhlane owaziwa ngeCovid-19 nohlobene neminye eyake yamisa kabi isintu njengalowo owabe waziwa ngokuthi yiSARS neMERS.
Ngokwe-United Nations amazwe akhona emhlabeni ali-195. Siye ukuyoshicilela angaphezu kwe-100 esebike lo mkhuhlane. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi sebecela ezi-4 000 abantu asebebhubhe ngenxa yeCOVID-19 nokugula okuhlobene nayo. Ngenxa yalokhu mhla zili-11 kuNdasa, iNhloko yeWorld Health Organisation (WHO), uMnu uTedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus ethe okwamanje isimo simazonzo, abantu namazwe abazivikele kulolu bhubhane. Ephawula ngalesi simo uGhebreyesus wamukele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amanye amazwe asegadle zephuka njengoba kubiza nje ukwelusa lo mkhuhlalene. Waveza nokuthi iWHO isithumele izinto zokuhlola lo mkhuhlane eziyisigidi nengxeye emazweni ali-120.
Ukuqala kweCOVID-19 emazweni ahlonzwa njengathuthukile kusho lukhulu njengoba kungaba lula kuwo ngenxa yengqalasizinda kepha kube lukhuni satshe kulawa okuthiwa asathuthuka. Isibonelo nje, lapho lesi sifo saqala khona eChina uHulumeni wakhona akagcinanga nje ngokususa wonke umuntu emigwaqeni kepha ngesikhathi nje esingamasonto amabili wakha isibhedlela esibhekene nalesi sifo. Lokhu wakwenza ngoba imali unayo okuyinto engeke yenzeke emazweni amaningi emhlabeni.
NgokwabeBloomberg, iCoronavirus isikaza ukumisa nse umnotho womhlaba.
Lokhu kungabandakanya inzikamnotho e-USA, emazweni asebenzisa i-Euro naseJapan; ukukhula kancane okubikwa eChina; nasekulahlekelweni ngosigidintathu aba-$2.7 okulingana neGDP yase-UK.
Isimo sibi ezinkampanini ezinkulu nezincane emhlabeni ngoba ukuhamba kwemali kuphazamisekile nokungasho ukuthi ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinkampani ezisakhasayo, ngoba ukuwa kwazo kusho ukuthi nomnotho wendawo uyakhinyabezeka.
Ukushayeka komkhakha wezokuvakasha kuzolimaza amazwe amaningi njengoba imingcele yamazwe izovalwa nje. Akuyona imikhathi nemigcele okuzothinteka kepha ngisho nezokungcebeleka zasolwandle ziyashayeka. Sishicilele iKwaZuluNatal neWestern Cape bemise imikhumbi enabavakashi nokusaphenywa ukuthi engabe abaphakathi kabahlabekile yini. UNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha uMbalula usekushilo ukuthi elakuleli liyawavala amachweba. Lokhu kulandela isimemezelo sokuthi kunamazwe angeke avunyelwe ukuba abantu bawo beze kuleli nokuthi abakuleli bayanxuswa ukuba baqhele kubo.
Kwezezindiza nakhona kubi, futhi kusazoba kubi. AbeInternational Air Transport Association bahlonza ukuthi le mboni ingahle ilahlekelwe yisamba semali eyizigidigidi ezili-$113 nonyaka.
Kepha isiZulu sithi imizi kayifani. Emazweni anemali kubukeka kukhona izinhlelo eziqondile zokufukula umnotho wezwe nosomabhizini bendawo. Kuleli sonto uHulumeni waseBritain umemezele ukuthi uzobeka eceleni izigidi ukuze alekelele amabhizinisi akuleliya lizwe. Emabhizinisini amancane emkhakheni wezokuhlinzeka ngentokomalo angenawo umshwalense, uNgqongqoshe wezimali kuleliya lizwe uSunak uthe bazohlinzeka izibonelelo ngemali engama-£25,000 ($30,000) ibhizinisi ngalinye ‘ukusiza awelele ngaphesheya kwalesi simo’.
EGermany, izigidigidi ezingama-€550 ($603 000
000 000) sezithenjisiwe emalinimboleko eyesekwa nguhulumeni, kanti uMengameli uDonald Trump wase-USA uninga ukudlulisela izigidigidi ezingama-$850 kuCongress. IFrance isinesikhwama esinezigidigidi ezingama-€45
($50 000 000 000) ukulekelela amabhizinisi nezisebenzi ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-€500 ($547 000 000 000) ebizethembise ekuqaleni kwaleli sonto.
Kwezinye izindawo i-Italy ithembise imali engatholakala eyizigidigidi ezingama-€340
($383 000 000 000), iSpain yona izisebenzisa izigidigidi ezingama-€200 ($220 000 000 000) imali enkulu esike yayikhipha eminyakeni engama-40. Lokhu kwenzeka nje ngoba lamazwe anamandla okukwenza futhi kwenzeke.
Inkinga yamanzi neCorona e-Afrika
Kwenzeka konke lokhu kukhona iqiniso elaziwayo nokulukhuni kwabanye ukulikhuluma. Leli qiniso lithi umkhuhlane lona ungafika ezwenikazi i-Afrika izinto zingahle zibe nzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangwa yizizathu ezahlukene kusuka emnothweni nasezinkingeni zezifo.
Kuyimanje i-Afrika ibhekene nesifo iMalaria ebulala abantu abayizi-400 000 ngonyaka. Ingculazi yona nofuba (TB) ibulala iningi kancane kancane. Kanti eminyakeni eyedlule izwekazi like laxinwa yi-Ebola egwinye abantu abayizi-11 000. Ingqalasizinda ngenye yezinto ezifikisela ngovalo njengoba ezinye izindawo zingenazo izibhedlela ezanele kanti kwenziye izindawo kunezimpi. NgokweWHO enye into engenza lo mkhuhlane uqhele wukugeza izandla nokuyinto enhle. Nokho iqiniso lithi izindawo ezithile e-Afrika azinawo amanzi ahlanzekile.
Ngokocwaningo olusha olweziwa abacwaningi abangaxhumene naqembu i-Afrobarometer, luthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezimbili zama-Afrika ayikwazi ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile kuthi ababili kwabathathu abanayo ingqalasizinda yokuthuthwa kwendle. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalokhu kokubili kwezenzeka eminyakeni elishumi edlule, kodwa iningi lama-Afrika namanje alikwazi ukuthola izidingo ezinqala.
Ukungakwazi ukuthola amanzi nokwenhlanzeko akunakiwe ngabo abantu abahlala e-Afrika. Ingxenye yezakhamuzi ze-Afrika azijabulile ngendlela ohulumeni abasingatha ngayo udaba lwamanzi nezenhlanzeko.
Ngokwalolu cwaningo olwaziwa nge‘ Lack of safe water, sanitation spurs growing dissatisfaction with government performance’ okuwukuthi, ‘Ukungatholakali kwamanzi aphephile nokwezenhlanzeko kubanga ukunganeliseki okukhulayo ngokusebenza kukahulumeni’. Abahlala ezindaweni ezisemakhaya bashayeka kakhulu kunalabo abasemadolobheni uma kubhekwa ukutholakala kwamanzi nezenhlanzeko.
Abangama-66% basezindaweni zasemakhaya bathi bahamba ibanga beyokha amanzi kanti bangama-30% abasemadolobheni abahambela amanzi. Cishe bangama-27% abaqulusa endle beyoshiya itshe lentaba kanti abangama-11% abanazo izindlu zangasese.
Lesi sithombe sisho ubunzima okungaba khona kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika emizamweni yokunqanda lo mkhuhlane.
Akukho ukungabaza ukuthi lo nyaka uyophela abantu namazwe amaningi benezibazi nobekuyinto engahlelelwanga. Yebo, lokhu kuzodlula kepha ngale siyobe sinamazwe neminotho eyehlukile nokuyinto eyofundwa yizizukulwane.
Abangama-66% basezindaweni zasemakhaya bathi bahamba ibanga beyokha amanzi kanti bangama-30% abasemadolobheni abahambela amanzi. Cishe bangama-27% abaqulusa endle beyoshiya itshe lentaba kanti abangama-11% abanazo izindlu zangasese.