Izothulwa ezithebeni ze-UN impi eseCameroon
SEKUDLULE iminyaka emibili kwaqubuka impi yombango eCameroon. Le mpi akubonakali ukuthi izoba nesiphetho maduze nakanjalo esizogculisa zonke izinhlaka eziphathekayo ezweni. Phambilini, kulo leli laboHlanga, sike sayihlaziya eyezikhalazo zokucwaswa kwezakhamuzi zaseCameroon ezizinze ezifundeni eziseNingizimu yezwe. Kubili okwaphawulwa phambilini ngesimo esavela ngenxa yalezi zikhalazo.
Okokuqala, kwaba ukuthi ezinye zezikhalazo zama qembu ehlukene azinze eNingizimu yezwe zibonakala njengezizothatha iminyaka ukuba zifezeke Okwesibili, kwaba ngukuthi ukwehluleka kukaHulumeni waseCameroon ukulungisa isimo ngokushesha kungase kubhebhethekise udlame kulezi zifunda olungagcina seludala ukuqubuka kwempi yombango ezokwenza kube nzima ukuthi kutholakale isixazululo.
Esesithathu, kwaba ngukuthi kumele iphakanyelwe eyaseCameroon ngoba lelizwe likakwe ngamanye afana neNigeria, kanye neCentral African Republic (CAR) nawo abhekene nezimpi okwenza ukuthi lesi sifundazwe saseAfrica sibe ngesinye esingenakho ukuphepha kanye nokuthula.
Les isimo esiseCameroon esesiphenduke impi yombango siphakathi kwamaqembu afana ne Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) elwela ukuba lesi sifunda sibe yizwe elizimele, kanye noHulumeni waseCameroon oshaya phansi ngonyawo ukuthi lokho angeke kwenzeka.
Isimo eCameroon singesinye sezikhona e-AfriKa okungavamile ukuthi abamaphephandaba babike ngazo. Nokho lokho akuchazi ukuthi konke kumi kahle kuleli lizwe.
Kule minyaka emibili kwaqala imibhikisho esidale impi kwizifundazwe eziseNingizimu yezwe babalelwa kwabevile kuma460 000 asebeshiye amakhaya abo bayophephela kwezinye izindawo. Kubalwa nabayizi-32 000 asebebhace emazweni angomakhelwane anjengeNigeria.
Lesi simo esingenhla sesibe nomthelela kwezomnotho wezwe ikakhulukazi kweyezimbomi zabalimi. Izifunda zaseNingizimu yezwe yizo ezinabalimi abanemikhiqizo efana nekhofi okungeminye yemikhiqizo lelizwe elihwebelana ngalo namanye amazwe.
Imibiko yabaphathi bezimboni isiveze ukuthi le mpi isidale ukulahlekelwa yinzuzo ebalelwa kwizigidi ezingama-US$ 470 kwezolimo. Kuphinde kuvele ukuthi babalelwa ezi-13 000 asebelahlekelwe nabazolahlekelwa yimisebenzi kuwo lo mkhakha.
Eminye imibiko nayo egcizelela ukuthi isimo sibucayi eCameroon, eveza ukuthi zibalelwa kuma-220 000 izingane eziswele okuya ngasethunjini, nezingasakwazi ukuya ezikoleni.
Ukuthwala kanzima kwezakhamuzi zonkana kanye nalezo ezizinze kulezifunda ngenxa yale mpi kwabonakala ngoNhlolanja nonyaka lapho uHulumeni waseCameroon waphakamisa isicelo sokuxhaswa ngemali ebalelwa kwizigidi ezingama-US$ 299 ukuze ukwazi ukubhekelela izidingo zezakhamuzi. Kule minyaka emibili kusolwa ukuthi angaphezulu kwama-200 amasotsha aseCameroon asefile kule mpi ekhona.
Yile ngqikithi ngale mpi eyadala ukuthi kusukela ngonyaka odlule abaholi bezinhlaka ezahlukene ze United Nations (UN) baphakamise ukuthi le Nhlangano kumele ingenelele e-Cameroon. Isikuqinisekisile i-UN Security Council (UNSC) ukuthi umhlangano ohlelewe umhla we-13 kwephezulu ozodingida ngeCameroon uzoqhubeka.
Lokhu ikuqinisekisile ngoba isiphakamiso sokuthi i-UNSC idingide lolu daba besingasekwa amazwe athize, ikakhulukazi awase-Africa ayingxenye yayo. Isicelo salo mhlangano siqhamuke ne-United States of America (USA), engelinye lamalungu e-UNSC. Nokho amazwe anjengeNingizimu Africa aveza ukungahambisani nalesi sicelo.
Akuphawulayo ukuthi isimo saseCameroon sisezandleni ze-African Union (AU) okuyiyo ehola imizamo yokuthi kwakheke uxolo ezweni. Ngaleso sizathu-ke ababoni kulungile ukuthi i-UNSC ingenelele njengamanje.
Le mibono incike ekutheni kunesi ‘vumelwano’ phakathi kweUN ne-AU esithi uma kukhona isimo ezwenikazi esisezithebeni ze-AU, akungabi khona ezinye izinhlaka nezinhlangano ezingenelayo ngaphambi kokuba kube yiyo i-AU ethi imizamo yayo isidinga ukwesekwa ngabanye.
Kuyacaca ukuthi le mibono ayiphumelelanga ngoba lo mhlangano uzoqhubeka. Okuphinde kucace ukuthi kule minyaka emibili lempi yaqala, imikhankaso yokunxenxa amanye amazwe afana noUSA, kanye neFrance, eholwa ngabangokudabuka eCameroon abazinze kulamazwe isibe nemiphumela ngoba nakhu izwe elifana ne-USA seliyenza eyayo.
Ngokwemigomo emisiwe yokusebenza kwe-UNSC lo mhlangano womhla we-13 uthathwa njengozoba yingxoxo engahlelekile ( informal
discussion), ezophetha ngesitatimende esithize.
Imihlangano efana nalena ivame ukuba yisandulela seminye nalapho i-UNSC ithatha izinqumo ezinqala ngekubona njengokumele kwenzeke. Ngaleyo ndlela, lo mhlangano ngesimo saseCameroon ungathathwa njengesiqalo seminye esazobanjwa yile Nhlangano.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi amazwe ase-Africa ayingxenye ye-UNSC afana neNingizimu Africa, azoba nethuba lokuthi abeke imibono yayo ngokuthi kungani kumele i-UN ingangeneleli.
Azophinde abe nethuba lokuqinisekisa amanye amazwe ukuthi imizamo ye-AU izoba nemiphumela ngakho-ke ayinikezwe ithuba.
Kepha, emveni kweminyaka emibili lesimo saqala, koba nzima ukuthi lamazwe akwazi ukuqinisekisa izakhamuzi zaseCameroon, okuyizo ezihlezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ukuthi aziqhubeke zilindele imiphumela yemizamo ye-AU.
Kepha, emveni kweminyaka emibili lesimo saqala, koba nzima ukuthi lamazwe akwazi ukuqinisekisa izakhamuzi zaseCameroon, okuyizo ezihlezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ukuthi aziqhubeke zilindele imiphumela yemizamo ye-AU