UMBIKO NGOMNOTHO: ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA INANI LABANGASEBENZI LIYAQONGA
Sihlaziya izibalo zabangenamisebenzi eNingizimu Afrika ngokombiko weStats SA wesigaba sokuqala sowezi-2019
SELOKHU kuphume izibalo zabangasebenzi ngomhla zili-13 kuNhlaba, seziziningi izinkulumo ezibekhona. Bonke abantu bazwakala bethukile eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yalesi simo, ikakhulukazi labo abasemagunyeni ngokungathi udaba olusha sha lolu. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka emuva kokhetho obelunzima ngendlela emangalisayo emaqenjini ezombusazwe, kwazise okokuqala ngqa, cishe amaqembu angenele ukhetho afike emashumini amane nesishiyagalombili (48). Kwakhona kukodwa lokhu kubonisa isimo esithile ngeNingizimu Afrika, lapho ungase ubheke ukuthi kungathi sekulula ukuqala iqembu lezombusazwe kunokuqala ibhizinisi. Okanti futhi omunye angazibuza eziphendula ukuthi abantu abaqala amaqembu amasha abenziwa yini ukuthi kuningi okutholakayo nxa uyilunga lePhalamende. Amaingi amalungu ePhalamende kuthi kuphela iminyaka emihlanu ebe esehole izigidigidi zemali nezibonelelo eziningi eziwenza noma esehleli emakhaya amamatheke wodwa ngempesheni asuke eseyitholile kule minyaka emihlanu.
Okunye okuphinde kwamangalisa ukuzwa osopolitiki bebabaza izinga lobubha nokuhlupheka kwabantu okade bebahambele ngesikhathi besakhankasa. Lokhu ingathi bekuveza isithombe esithi nxa sebevotelwe bayasuka phakathi kwabantu bagcine beziphilela kwelinye izwe, okuyothi-ke kanye eminyakeni emihlanu bahambe bayabona abampofu bona laba ababavotele futhi ababekade bephila nabo phambilini. Sekunjalo-ke izibalo eziphuma minyaka yonke seziphinde zasho ngesimo sokungabinamisebenzi kwabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi eziyisithupha ezweni. Laba bantu abangaka ngabantu abangakwazi ukuqasheka futhi abasanelaka lokuhamba bezifunela imisebenzi. Esigaba sokuqala sonyaka wezi-2019, kubonakale kwenyuka kufinyelela kuma-27,6 % inani labantu abangaqashiwe eNingizimu Afrika.
Uma uzibheka lezi zibalo ngokwezifundazwe, zitshengisa ukuthi zonke izifundazwe zihlaselwe isifo sokwehla kwemisebenzi. Ngokucaphuna embikweni weStats SA ngezansi, izifundazwe ezihola phambili ngokungabi namisebenzi esaseEastern Cape nesaseFree State ngamaphesenti angama-37,4 nangama-34,9 ngokulandelana. Okanti ezingcubangconywana yiLimpopo neWestern Cape ngamaphesenti aali-18,5 nali19,5 ngokulandelana. Zimbili vo izifundazwe ongathi zicishe zazama ukwenza umehluko nawo omncane kakhulu ngobungconywana iGauteng kanye neKwaZulu-Natal omiphumela yazo ingu-0,1 no-0,5 wamaphesenti ngokulandelana. Nokho lokhu ngokwezinombolo okubizwa ngokuthi ‘okungelutho’ ngenxa yobuncane bakho ekwenzeni umehluko.
Kweziyisithupha izifundazwe khona kuye kwavalwa ngehlahla kwazise ukukhula kwakhona
komnotho kugqozile impela.
Njengoba sesichazile ngenhla njalo nxa kubhekwa izinombolo ezinje, kuye kuqale kubhekwe labo abasenogqozi lokufuna umsebenzi okungama-27,6 % bese le nombolo iphinda ibheka labo asebawufuna umsebenzi baze bakhathala. Inani selilonke lifinyelele kuma-38% libe lisuka kuma-37% esigabeni sokugcina sonyaka ofile wezi2018. Ngokombiko esiwucaphune kwaStats SA kuyabonakala futhi ukuthi yiziphi izifundazwe ezikhulile ngokungabi namisebenzi kulesisigaba esinwebekile sabangaqashiwe uma uqhathanisa nonyaka odlule.
Nanoma ngabe sizibuka ngaliphi ihlo lezinombolo, okusalayo zimbi kakhulu futhi azinikezi ithemba. Uma uzibheka uya le emuva futhi uyabona ukuthi kunokuthi kubengcono kuyangokuya kuba kubi impela. Umbuzo omkhulu ngukuthi ubani kanti okumele ashintshe lesi simo? Mhlawumbe singakawuphenduli lo mbuzo othi ubani okumele aguqule lesi simo, akesibheke ukuthi yiziphi izizinda zezezimboni ezithintekayo kakhulu kulokhukwehla kwamathuba emisebenzi nanokuthi obani abathintekayo kakhulu kulolubhubhane?
Kubantu abayizigidi eziyisi-6,14 abebengaqashiwe, sebekhuphukele kwabayizigidi eziyisi-6,20. Ngokwezizinda zezomnotho esizindeni sabahlelekile ngokwesigaba sikaHulumeni kulahleke imisebenzi eli
126 lezinkulungwane kwasekuthi kwabangahleliwe ngokukaHulumeni kulahleke imisebenzi engama-68 ezinkulungwane, kwathi abasebenza ezindlini kwalahleka imisebenzi engama-31 ezinkulungwane, kwezokwakha khona kwaba i-142 lezinkulungwane, okanti kwezolimo kulahleke izinkulungwane ezili-12, kwezezimayini khona kwalahleka ama 20 ezinkulungwane, kwezezimali khona kwahamba ama-94 ezinkulungwane yemisebenzi, okanti kwezokuqasha ngezomhphakathi khona ibe ngama 50 wezinkulungwane. Nokho izimboni ezibonakale zizuza kube ezokukhiqiza ezithole ishumi nane lezinkulungwane, ezezinto ezisetshenziswa emakhaya zama ku 16 wezinkulungwane kwasekuthi ezentengiselwano zona zama ema25 ezinkulungwane ekugcineni ezokuthutha zona zazuza ama-59 ezinkulungwane. Konke lokhu kungumbiko weStats SA.
Uma sibheka ukuthi ingabe obani abathintekile kakhulu kulokhu, ngokobulili abesifazane abathintekile kakhudlwana njengoba sibone ngesigaba sokugcina wezi-2018, benyuka kusuka ema-29,3 kuya ema-29,5. Okanti abesilisa bona bathe ukusimama kusuka ema-26,2 kuya ema-25,1. Abashayeke kakhulu nokho ngabantu abasha abazithole isibalo sabo senyuka sisuka ema54.7 siya ema-55.2 wamaphesenti. Lesi yisibalo esibonakala siba sibi kakhulu sidlula naleso esake sabakhona ngowezi-2017, esigabeni sesibili.
Inkiyankiya umchwayo wamamboza yilena, abantu abathintekayo kakhulu aboHlanga abami ema-31.1 kusuka ema30.4 besekuthi labo ababizwa ngamaKhaladi benyukile futhi nabo kusuka ema-21.6 kuya ema-22.2 wamaphesenti. Bobabili laba nxa ubaxuba njengoba sazi ukuthi bangama-Afrika bonke isibalo sabo siqhuma phezulu ema-53.3 wamaphesenti. Ababala elimhlophe okungabelungu bona elabo inani liphansi kakhulu okungukuthi ayibathinti kakhulu le nkinga yokungabi namisebenzi njengoba bona bemi kumaphesenti ayisi-6.6 kusuka kwayisi-7.6 ngaphambilini. AbaseNdiya bona bemi e-11.4 besuka e-12.4
Nakhu okumele masikuqonde, njengoba sike sabalula ngasekuqaleni, kuye kuthi njalo nxazivela lezi zinombolo kukhulunywe abanye bethuke kubesengathithi kusha lokhu. Kuyothi kuqambe kuphela inyanga selidambile ilukuluku lakho, sonke sesikhohliwe. Nabasemagunyeni abaphathiswe amandla okwenza okufanele bakhohlwe babuyele ezindleleni zabo. Empeleni bathathu abantu esingathi bakulo mzuliswano eNingizimu Afrika, okokuqala abangaqhashiwe okuyibona abasenkingeni yokungabi nasinkwa sokudla emindenini yabo okanti futhi abamele ukuthi bakheke amathuba okuthola imisebenzi nokuzama ukuthola izindlela zokuzithuthukisa ngokuthi bakhe awabo amabhizinisi, owesibili, uhulumeni okumele makangenelele ngemithetho ezosiza kubekhona izindlela zokwenzalula inhlalakahle yabantu baseNingizimu Afrika ikakhulukazi labo abafuna imisebenzi kanye, okwesithathu osomashishini nabezimboni abafanelwe ukubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakheni amathuba emisebenzi nokuthi bavule izindlela ezintsha ezizosiza ukuthuthukiswa kweminxa ehlukahlukene yeminitho.
Kwisigaba sikaHulumeni, nxa ubhekisisa imithetho nemigomo ebhalwe nguhulumeni ezama ukwenza kubelula ukuthi kubekhona amathuba okuqasheka uyathola ukuthi kukhona ukudebesela okukhulu okudalwa yizizathu eziningi. Phakathi kwezinye, yizindlela uhulumeni emazingeni aphansi lapho esuke eqashe khona abasebenzi bakhe, oningi labo aliqondi umthelela womsebenzi wabo nsukuzonke ukuthi ungenelela kanjani ekwakheni kumbe ekuwubhidlizeni umnotho. Yize kukhona abantu abazimiselayo phakathi kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni kaningi kodwa abantu abasuke beqashiwe ngabantu abasuke belindele imiholo yabo nje kuphela ekupheleni kwenyanga, maqede bengakugqizi qakala ukuthi esigabeni abasebenza kuso kusho ukuthini ukubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni imiphakathi ikakhulu esuke ifuna ukwakha amabhizinisi azoletha amathuba emisebenzi. Isibonelo izibalo
ezisuke zihambisana neGross Value Add (GVA), okuyiyona esuke izoba nomthelela emnothweni wendawo ophinde uthelele isifundazwe kuye kuGross Domestic Product (GDP) yezwe, uye uthole ukuthi akucacile neze nxa uthi ukhuluma nalabasebenzi. Okunye futhi ukungaqondi neze imithetho kahulumeni yona le ehambisana nokuthuthukisa izindawo kusukela kulezo ezithuthukile emadolobheni amakhulu, isibonelo ngokwemigomo yezingqalasizinda zokuthuthukisa iminotho ebizwa ngamaSpecial Economic Zones (SEZ) kuya emigudwini yentuntuko exhumanisa izindawo zasemakhaya. Kuphinde futhi kube yimigomo eminingi ehambisana neminyango ethile njengeyezolimo, ezemvelo, ezentuthuko yasemakhaya njalo njalo. Le migomo esuke imihle kakhulu ngokubhalwa igcina iyize leze ngenxa yokunqikaza nokungazi ezisebenzini zikaHulumeni. Sixoxa nomunye owengamele eminye yemisebenzi kahulumeni ukubeka kwacaca ukuthi kwabona ababoni ngasolinye bengabasebenzi bakahulumeni. Enza isibonelo ngokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kubakhona ukuhudula izinyawo kakhulu nakulabo okumele benze imiqingo yezinqumo. Okuye kuthi ezinsukwini ezingama-90 ezisuke zinikiwe, ngokusho kwakhe, umsebenzi lona usuke ezihlalele nje engenzi lutho, kuyothi ngosuku lwama-88 abhale incwadi ethi kukhona okushodayo. Bese kuphinde kuqala phansi lonke uhlelo lolo, ekubeni ingabe wapheqeza amabhuku waqonda ukuthi kudingakalani ukuze lowo otshala izimali asheshe alungise okudingakalo. Ngalelosikhathi ke, abasuke bezotshala izimali abanaso isikhathi sokulinda esimweni esifana nalesi. Ngalesosikhathi osebenzayo usuke engagqize qakala kwazise uzoziholela esebenzile noma engasebenzanga.
Futhi kuye uHulumeni, ezizindeni zakhe eziphethe izimali, awulubambi ugqozi okumele maluzwakale kulabo abaphathiswe izimali zokufukula osomabhizinisi abancance. Kunalokho kuqashwa abantu abasuke bephuma kuzingodlamali, amabhange nesipiliyoni sabo esiba yisithiyo ekusizeni osozimboni abancane. Abaningi balaba bantu basuke bengazange badayisa ngisho amagwinya empilweni yabo. Ayiphathwa-ke nxa usukhuluma ngemibono emisha yezokuzithuthukisa bakukhahlela useza kude le, baze baqome ukusiza umuntu osuke eza nombono wezinto ezifana namafranchise, okuluchungechunge lwezitolo zokudla ngoba bethi yinto engcono ezokwazi ukuletha imali nxa sekufanele akhokhe obolekiwe.
Zonke lezi zinto nokunye esingakubalanga zinkomba zokuthi sisazoqhubeka sidlala umagidandawonye nxa kukhulunywa ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi, nalezinombolo ezilokhu zenyuka esizibale ngenhla. Angiphathi-ke nxa ubuka ezinye zezizathu ezenza lokhu ezibandakanya phakathi kokunye uguquko lwesine lwezimboni (4IR), lokhu kunomthelela omkhulukazi ekulahlekeni kwemisebenzi ikakhulu amabhange.
Ozobekwa njengoMengameli omusha eNingizimu Afrika, uMnu uCyril Ramaphosa, usandakusho ukuthi kuzomele ashintshe ukusebenza kukaHulumeni omkhulu anciphise futhi namalungu esigungu songqongqoshe azosebenza ngabo. Kuzwakala kukuhle impela lokhu, kepha angeke kwasiza uma uhulumeni wezifundazwe engeke ahambisane naloluguquko lukamongameli. Okunye okukhulu kakhulu angeke kwenzeke lutho uma ohulumeni basemakhaya okuyibona bebambisene neminyango yohulumeni basemakhaya bengeke baqalaphansi bafundiswe kumbe baqeqeshwe kabusha ngemigomo ehambisanayo kakhulumeni nendlela okumele mabaqonde ngayo umthelela wokusebenza kwabo emakhaya, emalokishini njalonjalo ekwengezeni kwi GVA nasekusizeni amabhizinisi asakhasa.
Asiqonde ukuthi aboHlanga yisona sisulu sabo bonke lobu bubha, yibo futhi abazoqhubeka nokuhlupheka okukhulu kulesi sikhathi, nokwanda kobugebengu kusazodlanga kuze kube impi ekhona kubasebenzi bakaHulumeni, ukungasebenzisani, ukunganabuqotho, ubuphofu bengqondo obuhambisana nokubukela phansi imibono yalabo abafana nabo, ukuziqhenya nokudembesela yizona zitha ezinkulu ezidicilela phansi isizwe.
Singekubale ukuziqhenya kosozimboni nabaphathi zimali okwazekayo njengalokhu sakubeka ngaphambii ukuthi baqhinqe nemali engaphezu kosigidintathu aba-R2 (R2 tln) ngenxa yokuthi bengathembi ubuholi obusuke bubusa ngalesosikhathi. Labake ngabamhlophe ikakhulu. AboHlanga ithemba abanalo, yilo Hulumeni okade wehla wenyuka ukhankasa ucela, futhi uncenga ukubolekwa amavoti. Sekuyisikhathi sokukhalisa isitshwebu kusuka phezulu kuyaphansi, kungenjalo sishanendlu isizwe sikaPhunga noMageba.