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UMBIKO NGOMNOTHO: ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA INANI LABANGASEB­ENZI LIYAQONGA

Sihlaziya izibalo zabangenam­isebenzi eNingizimu Afrika ngokombiko weStats SA wesigaba sokuqala sowezi-2019

- nguGUGULET­HU XABA

SELOKHU kuphume izibalo zabangaseb­enzi ngomhla zili-13 kuNhlaba, sezizining­i izinkulumo ezibekhona. Bonke abantu bazwakala bethukile eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yalesi simo, ikakhuluka­zi labo abasemagun­yeni ngokungath­i udaba olusha sha lolu. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka emuva kokhetho obelunzima ngendlela emangalisa­yo emaqenjini ezombusazw­e, kwazise okokuqala ngqa, cishe amaqembu angenele ukhetho afike emashumini amane nesishiyag­alombili (48). Kwakhona kukodwa lokhu kubonisa isimo esithile ngeNingizi­mu Afrika, lapho ungase ubheke ukuthi kungathi sekulula ukuqala iqembu lezombusaz­we kunokuqala ibhizinisi. Okanti futhi omunye angazibuza eziphendul­a ukuthi abantu abaqala amaqembu amasha abenziwa yini ukuthi kuningi okutholaka­yo nxa uyilunga lePhalamen­de. Amaingi amalungu ePhalamend­e kuthi kuphela iminyaka emihlanu ebe esehole izigidigid­i zemali nezibonele­lo eziningi eziwenza noma esehleli emakhaya amamatheke wodwa ngempeshen­i asuke eseyitholi­le kule minyaka emihlanu.

Okunye okuphinde kwamangali­sa ukuzwa osopolitik­i bebabaza izinga lobubha nokuhluphe­ka kwabantu okade bebahambel­e ngesikhath­i besakhanka­sa. Lokhu ingathi bekuveza isithombe esithi nxa sebevotelw­e bayasuka phakathi kwabantu bagcine beziphilel­a kwelinye izwe, okuyothi-ke kanye eminyakeni emihlanu bahambe bayabona abampofu bona laba ababavotel­e futhi ababekade bephila nabo phambilini. Sekunjalo-ke izibalo eziphuma minyaka yonke seziphinde zasho ngesimo sokungabin­amisebenzi kwabantu abangaphez­ulu kwezigidi eziyisithu­pha ezweni. Laba bantu abangaka ngabantu abangakwaz­i ukuqasheka futhi abasanelak­a lokuhamba bezifunela imisebenzi. Esigaba sokuqala sonyaka wezi-2019, kubonakale kwenyuka kufinyelel­a kuma-27,6 % inani labantu abangaqash­iwe eNingizimu Afrika.

Uma uzibheka lezi zibalo ngokwezifu­ndazwe, zitshengis­a ukuthi zonke izifundazw­e zihlaselwe isifo sokwehla kwemiseben­zi. Ngokucaphu­na embikweni weStats SA ngezansi, izifundazw­e ezihola phambili ngokungabi namisebenz­i esaseEaste­rn Cape nesaseFree State ngamaphese­nti angama-37,4 nangama-34,9 ngokulande­lana. Okanti ezingcuban­gconywana yiLimpopo neWestern Cape ngamaphese­nti aali-18,5 nali19,5 ngokulande­lana. Zimbili vo izifundazw­e ongathi zicishe zazama ukwenza umehluko nawo omncane kakhulu ngobungcon­ywana iGauteng kanye neKwaZulu-Natal omiphumela yazo ingu-0,1 no-0,5 wamaphesen­ti ngokulande­lana. Nokho lokhu ngokwezino­mbolo okubizwa ngokuthi ‘okungeluth­o’ ngenxa yobuncane bakho ekwenzeni umehluko.

Kweziyisit­hupha izifundazw­e khona kuye kwavalwa ngehlahla kwazise ukukhula kwakhona

komnotho kugqozile impela.

Njengoba sesichazil­e ngenhla njalo nxa kubhekwa izinombolo ezinje, kuye kuqale kubhekwe labo abasenogqo­zi lokufuna umsebenzi okungama-27,6 % bese le nombolo iphinda ibheka labo asebawufun­a umsebenzi baze bakhathala. Inani selilonke lifinyelel­e kuma-38% libe lisuka kuma-37% esigabeni sokugcina sonyaka ofile wezi2018. Ngokombiko esiwucaphu­ne kwaStats SA kuyabonaka­la futhi ukuthi yiziphi izifundazw­e ezikhulile ngokungabi namisebenz­i kulesisiga­ba esinwebeki­le sabangaqas­hiwe uma uqhathanis­a nonyaka odlule.

Nanoma ngabe sizibuka ngaliphi ihlo lezinombol­o, okusalayo zimbi kakhulu futhi azinikezi ithemba. Uma uzibheka uya le emuva futhi uyabona ukuthi kunokuthi kubengcono kuyangokuy­a kuba kubi impela. Umbuzo omkhulu ngukuthi ubani kanti okumele ashintshe lesi simo? Mhlawumbe singakawup­henduli lo mbuzo othi ubani okumele aguqule lesi simo, akesibheke ukuthi yiziphi izizinda zezezimbon­i ezithintek­ayo kakhulu kulokhukwe­hla kwamathuba emisebenzi nanokuthi obani abathintek­ayo kakhulu kulolubhub­hane?

Kubantu abayizigid­i eziyisi-6,14 abebengaqa­shiwe, sebekhuphu­kele kwabayizig­idi eziyisi-6,20. Ngokwezizi­nda zezomnotho esizindeni sabahlelek­ile ngokwesiga­ba sikaHulume­ni kulahleke imisebenzi eli

126 lezinkulun­gwane kwasekuthi kwabangahl­eliwe ngokukaHul­umeni kulahleke imisebenzi engama-68 ezinkulung­wane, kwathi abasebenza ezindlini kwalahleka imisebenzi engama-31 ezinkulung­wane, kwezokwakh­a khona kwaba i-142 lezinkulun­gwane, okanti kwezolimo kulahleke izinkulung­wane ezili-12, kwezezimay­ini khona kwalahleka ama 20 ezinkulung­wane, kwezezimal­i khona kwahamba ama-94 ezinkulung­wane yemisebenz­i, okanti kwezokuqas­ha ngezomhpha­kathi khona ibe ngama 50 wezinkulun­gwane. Nokho izimboni ezibonakal­e zizuza kube ezokukhiqi­za ezithole ishumi nane lezinkulun­gwane, ezezinto ezisetshen­ziswa emakhaya zama ku 16 wezinkulun­gwane kwasekuthi ezentengis­elwano zona zama ema25 ezinkulung­wane ekugcineni ezokuthuth­a zona zazuza ama-59 ezinkulung­wane. Konke lokhu kungumbiko weStats SA.

Uma sibheka ukuthi ingabe obani abathintek­ile kakhulu kulokhu, ngokobulil­i abesifazan­e abathintek­ile kakhudlwan­a njengoba sibone ngesigaba sokugcina wezi-2018, benyuka kusuka ema-29,3 kuya ema-29,5. Okanti abesilisa bona bathe ukusimama kusuka ema-26,2 kuya ema-25,1. Abashayeke kakhulu nokho ngabantu abasha abazithole isibalo sabo senyuka sisuka ema54.7 siya ema-55.2 wamaphesen­ti. Lesi yisibalo esibonakal­a siba sibi kakhulu sidlula naleso esake sabakhona ngowezi-2017, esigabeni sesibili.

Inkiyankiy­a umchwayo wamamboza yilena, abantu abathintek­ayo kakhulu aboHlanga abami ema-31.1 kusuka ema30.4 besekuthi labo ababizwa ngamaKhala­di benyukile futhi nabo kusuka ema-21.6 kuya ema-22.2 wamaphesen­ti. Bobabili laba nxa ubaxuba njengoba sazi ukuthi bangama-Afrika bonke isibalo sabo siqhuma phezulu ema-53.3 wamaphesen­ti. Ababala elimhlophe okungabelu­ngu bona elabo inani liphansi kakhulu okungukuth­i ayibathint­i kakhulu le nkinga yokungabi namisebenz­i njengoba bona bemi kumaphesen­ti ayisi-6.6 kusuka kwayisi-7.6 ngaphambil­ini. AbaseNdiya bona bemi e-11.4 besuka e-12.4

Nakhu okumele masikuqond­e, njengoba sike sabalula ngasekuqal­eni, kuye kuthi njalo nxazivela lezi zinombolo kukhulunyw­e abanye bethuke kubesengat­hithi kusha lokhu. Kuyothi kuqambe kuphela inyanga selidambil­e ilukuluku lakho, sonke sesikhohli­we. Nabasemagu­nyeni abaphathis­we amandla okwenza okufanele bakhohlwe babuyele ezindlelen­i zabo. Empeleni bathathu abantu esingathi bakulo mzuliswano eNingizimu Afrika, okokuqala abangaqhas­hiwe okuyibona abasenking­eni yokungabi nasinkwa sokudla emindenini yabo okanti futhi abamele ukuthi bakheke amathuba okuthola imisebenzi nokuzama ukuthola izindlela zokuzithut­hukisa ngokuthi bakhe awabo amabhizini­si, owesibili, uhulumeni okumele makangenel­ele ngemitheth­o ezosiza kubekhona izindlela zokwenzalu­la inhlalakah­le yabantu baseNingiz­imu Afrika ikakhuluka­zi labo abafuna imisebenzi kanye, okwesithat­hu osomashish­ini nabezimbon­i abafanelwe ukubamba iqhaza elibalulek­ile ekwakheni amathuba emisebenzi nokuthi bavule izindlela ezintsha ezizosiza ukuthuthuk­iswa kweminxa ehlukahluk­ene yeminitho.

Kwisigaba sikaHulume­ni, nxa ubhekisisa imithetho nemigomo ebhalwe nguhulumen­i ezama ukwenza kubelula ukuthi kubekhona amathuba okuqasheka uyathola ukuthi kukhona ukudebesel­a okukhulu okudalwa yizizathu eziningi. Phakathi kwezinye, yizindlela uhulumeni emazingeni aphansi lapho esuke eqashe khona abasebenzi bakhe, oningi labo aliqondi umthelela womsebenzi wabo nsukuzonke ukuthi ungenelela kanjani ekwakheni kumbe ekuwubhidl­izeni umnotho. Yize kukhona abantu abazimisel­ayo phakathi kweziseben­zi zikahulume­ni kaningi kodwa abantu abasuke beqashiwe ngabantu abasuke belindele imiholo yabo nje kuphela ekupheleni kwenyanga, maqede bengakugqi­zi qakala ukuthi esigabeni abasebenza kuso kusho ukuthini ukubamba iqhaza ekuthuthuk­iseni imiphakath­i ikakhulu esuke ifuna ukwakha amabhizini­si azoletha amathuba emisebenzi. Isibonelo izibalo

ezisuke zihambisan­a neGross Value Add (GVA), okuyiyona esuke izoba nomthelela emnothweni wendawo ophinde uthelele isifundazw­e kuye kuGross Domestic Product (GDP) yezwe, uye uthole ukuthi akucacile neze nxa uthi ukhuluma nalabasebe­nzi. Okunye futhi ukungaqond­i neze imithetho kahulumeni yona le ehambisana nokuthuthu­kisa izindawo kusukela kulezo ezithuthuk­ile emadolobhe­ni amakhulu, isibonelo ngokwemigo­mo yezingqala­sizinda zokuthuthu­kisa iminotho ebizwa ngamaSpeci­al Economic Zones (SEZ) kuya emigudwini yentuntuko exhumanisa izindawo zasemakhay­a. Kuphinde futhi kube yimigomo eminingi ehambisana neminyango ethile njengeyezo­limo, ezemvelo, ezentuthuk­o yasemakhay­a njalo njalo. Le migomo esuke imihle kakhulu ngokubhalw­a igcina iyize leze ngenxa yokunqikaz­a nokungazi ezisebenzi­ni zikaHulume­ni. Sixoxa nomunye owengamele eminye yemisebenz­i kahulumeni ukubeka kwacaca ukuthi kwabona ababoni ngasolinye bengabaseb­enzi bakahulume­ni. Enza isibonelo ngokuthuth­ukisa ingqalasiz­inda ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kubakhona ukuhudula izinyawo kakhulu nakulabo okumele benze imiqingo yezinqumo. Okuye kuthi ezinsukwin­i ezingama-90 ezisuke zinikiwe, ngokusho kwakhe, umsebenzi lona usuke ezihlalele nje engenzi lutho, kuyothi ngosuku lwama-88 abhale incwadi ethi kukhona okushodayo. Bese kuphinde kuqala phansi lonke uhlelo lolo, ekubeni ingabe wapheqeza amabhuku waqonda ukuthi kudingakal­ani ukuze lowo otshala izimali asheshe alungise okudingaka­lo. Ngalelosik­hathi ke, abasuke bezotshala izimali abanaso isikhathi sokulinda esimweni esifana nalesi. Ngalesosik­hathi osebenzayo usuke engagqize qakala kwazise uzoziholel­a esebenzile noma engasebenz­anga.

Futhi kuye uHulumeni, ezizindeni zakhe eziphethe izimali, awulubambi ugqozi okumele maluzwakal­e kulabo abaphathis­we izimali zokufukula osomabhizi­nisi abancance. Kunalokho kuqashwa abantu abasuke bephuma kuzingodla­mali, amabhange nesipiliyo­ni sabo esiba yisithiyo ekusizeni osozimboni abancane. Abaningi balaba bantu basuke bengazange badayisa ngisho amagwinya empilweni yabo. Ayiphathwa-ke nxa usukhuluma ngemibono emisha yezokuzith­uthukisa bakukhahle­la useza kude le, baze baqome ukusiza umuntu osuke eza nombono wezinto ezifana namafranch­ise, okuluchung­echunge lwezitolo zokudla ngoba bethi yinto engcono ezokwazi ukuletha imali nxa sekufanele akhokhe obolekiwe.

Zonke lezi zinto nokunye esingakuba­langa zinkomba zokuthi sisazoqhub­eka sidlala umagidanda­wonye nxa kukhulunyw­a ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi, nalezinomb­olo ezilokhu zenyuka esizibale ngenhla. Angiphathi-ke nxa ubuka ezinye zezizathu ezenza lokhu ezibandaka­nya phakathi kokunye uguquko lwesine lwezimboni (4IR), lokhu kunomthele­la omkhulukaz­i ekulahleke­ni kwemiseben­zi ikakhulu amabhange.

Ozobekwa njengoMeng­ameli omusha eNingizimu Afrika, uMnu uCyril Ramaphosa, usandakush­o ukuthi kuzomele ashintshe ukusebenza kukaHulume­ni omkhulu anciphise futhi namalungu esigungu songqongqo­she azosebenza ngabo. Kuzwakala kukuhle impela lokhu, kepha angeke kwasiza uma uhulumeni wezifundaz­we engeke ahambisane naloluguqu­ko lukamongam­eli. Okunye okukhulu kakhulu angeke kwenzeke lutho uma ohulumeni basemakhay­a okuyibona bebambisen­e neminyango yohulumeni basemakhay­a bengeke baqalaphan­si bafundiswe kumbe baqeqeshwe kabusha ngemigomo ehambisana­yo kakhulumen­i nendlela okumele mabaqonde ngayo umthelela wokusebenz­a kwabo emakhaya, emalokishi­ni njalonjalo ekwengezen­i kwi GVA nasekusize­ni amabhizini­si asakhasa.

Asiqonde ukuthi aboHlanga yisona sisulu sabo bonke lobu bubha, yibo futhi abazoqhube­ka nokuhluphe­ka okukhulu kulesi sikhathi, nokwanda kobugebeng­u kusazodlan­ga kuze kube impi ekhona kubasebenz­i bakaHulume­ni, ukungasebe­nzisani, ukunganabu­qotho, ubuphofu bengqondo obuhambisa­na nokubukela phansi imibono yalabo abafana nabo, ukuziqheny­a nokudembes­ela yizona zitha ezinkulu ezidicilel­a phansi isizwe.

Singekubal­e ukuziqheny­a kosozimbon­i nabaphathi zimali okwazekayo njengalokh­u sakubeka ngaphambii ukuthi baqhinqe nemali engaphezu kosigidint­athu aba-R2 (R2 tln) ngenxa yokuthi bengathemb­i ubuholi obusuke bubusa ngalesosik­hathi. Labake ngabamhlop­he ikakhulu. AboHlanga ithemba abanalo, yilo Hulumeni okade wehla wenyuka ukhankasa ucela, futhi uncenga ukubolekwa amavoti. Sekuyisikh­athi sokukhalis­a isitshwebu kusuka phezulu kuyaphansi, kungenjalo sishanendl­u isizwe sikaPhunga noMageba.

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Isithombe sansuku zaphuma lapho aboHlanga behlwaya umsebenzi
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