Imicikilisho nomthetho ngokuphathwa kwezibhamu
NGOKOCWANINGO amacala amaningi obugebengu obuhleliwe enzeka eNingizimu Afrika asuke ehlanganisa phakathi izibhamu iningi lazo okuthi uma sezihlolwa kuvele ukuthi azikho emthethweni. Akugcini lapho kuphinde kuvele nokuthi lezi zibhamu sezike zasetshenziswa phambilini kwamanye amacala.
Izinhlangano ezilwa nokusabalala kwezibhamu njengeGun Free South Africa zihlala zishumayela ivangeli lokuthi kuqiniswe umthetho kwabafaka izicelo zamalayisensi ezibhamu. Namuhla sibheka isigaba sesibili sochungechunge lemibhalo ekhuluma ngomthetho ekuphathweni kwezibhamu nokusetshenziswa kwazo
ISigaba soMthetho olawula izibhamu uNombolo 60 wezi-2000 ukhuluma ngokungakulungeli komuntu oselahlwe ngamacala ukuthi usengaqhubeka nokuphatha isibhamu. Kubalulekile ukuthi labo abasemkhakheni wezomthetho ikakhulukazi abasebenza ngamacala obugebengu bakuqonde ukusebenza kwalo Mthetho nokuthi umphumela wokungawulandeli kungaba yini.
Kunesigaba salo mthetho esiqala ukusebenza uma kuwukuthi umsolwa uselahlwe ngamacala athile obugebengu. ISigaba 103 salo Mthetho sibalula ukuthi; “Ngaphandle uma inkantolo ikhipha isinqumo esehlukile” kodwa lowo muntu uthathwa njengongakulungele ukuphatha isibhamu noma ukuba naso. Uma umuntu eselahlwe ngamacala usuke esethathwa njengongakulungele ukuthi angaba nesibhamu.
Kubalulekile nokuqonda ukuthi ngamacala anjani angena ngaphansi kwalesi Sigaba okwenza ukuthi umuntu athathwe njengongakulungele ukuba nesibhamu. Amanye amacala abalwayo kuba ngelokuphatha isibhamu nokutholakala nezinhlamvu ngokungekho emthethweni, noma amacala asuke ethinta ukuphatha isibhamu noma ngabe sisebenzile noma asisebenzanga, elinye icala kuba ngelokwehluleka ukugcina
isibhamu nezinhlamvu endaweni ephephile njengokulandela umthetho.
Imibandela ngesibhamu
Likhona necala lokuphatha isibhamu ungekho esimweni esikahle okungasho ukuthi udle uphuzo oludakayo noma izidakamizwa ezithile.
Amanye amacala abalulwayo awokususa udlame lwasekhaya usebenzisa isibhamu, ukususa udlame emphakathini, ukuthungela umlilo, ukusabisa, ukudlwengula, ukuthumba nokweba ingane usebenzisa isibhamu. Kukhona neSigaba 103 salo Mthetho esehlukile ngoba sona sinika inkantolo amandla okwenza isinqumo ngokuthi lowo oselahlwe icala athathwe njengongakulungele ukuphatha isibhamu noma akwazi ukuqhubeka nokusiphatha.
Lapha kusuke kukhulunywa ngamacala abucayi njengokuvukela umbuso, ukucekela phansi impahla, ukungena esakhiweni ngenhloso yokwenza amacala, ukubulala ngokungehloso nokufuna imali usebenzisa isibhamu. Ngokwejwayelekile inkantolo ithatha isinqumo uma kuwukuthi umsolwa uselwahliwe ngamacala waze wagwetshwa.
Kuba nohlelo olulandelwayo olubheka ukuthi umuntu usakulungele yini ukuphatha isibhamu. Ummangalelwa angabeka uhlangothi lwakhe lodaba ngokuthi afakaze noma abize ofakazi. NoMbuso unikwa ithuba elifanayo.
Izinhlangothi zozimbili zozibe sezinikwa ithuba lokubeka ubufakazi enkantolo bese kulandela ukuthi inkantolo ikhiphe isinqumo. Ngokolwazi esenginalo ngokomsebenzi wami, abameli kuba yibo abethula ubufakazi enkantolo, okuthi emuva kokuba inkantolo ilalele lobo bufakazi boMbuso nommangalelwa bese yenza izethulo ngokulandela iSigaba 103 soMthetho.
Isibonelo samacala
Kunamacala amathathu esingawabalula elinye lawo ngelikaS V Lukwe langowezi-2005 lapho ummangalelwa wayezimele yena uqobo. UMehluleli uBorchers kwakumele acubungule ukuze athole ukuthi ummangalelwa usakulungele yini ukuphatha isibhamu. Ummangalelwa walahlwa icala lokweba walengiselwa isigwebo sakhe kodwa wanganikwa ithuba lokuba akhokhe inhlawulo.
Inkantolo yamchazela ummangalelwa ukuthi wayenelungelo lokubeka izizathu zokuthi kungani kumele angathathwa njengomuntu ongasakulungele ukuphatha isibhamu.
Ummangalelwa waphendula ngokuthi ngelinye ilanga ufisa ukuthi iphoyisa noma unogada. Inkantolo yaphuma nesinqumo sokuthi isigwebo esilengisiwe esinikwe umsolwa singena ngaphansi kweSigaba 103 (1) soMthetho, esikubeka kucace ukuthi kuya ngokuthi inkantolo ithini, kodwa umuntu uthathwa njengongakulungele ukuphatha isibhamu uma elahlwe icala elithinta udlame, ukuhlukumeza ngokocansinoma ukungathembeki okugcina ngokuthi umsolwa agwetshwe isikhathi esithile anganikwa nethuba lokukhokha inhlawulo.
Inkantolo yatshelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi kwenziwa uphenyo kwakumele kulandelwe iSigaba 103 (1) soMthetho, ngakho ke inkantolo yenza iphutha ngokungamchazeli umsolwa ngokuthi wayenalo ilungelo lokuyichazela ukuthi wayekulungele ukuphatha isibhamu, okuyinto inkantolo eyayingagculiseka ngayo. Ngenxa yokungabibikho kwale ncazelo enkantolo, ummangalelwa wanekela inkantolo okungamaqiniso ayeveza isidingo sokuthi ukulungele kangakanani ukuphatha isibhamu. Udaba lwabuyiselwa emuva emantshini ukuze kuqalwe phansi uphenyo.