Singikhumbuza kwaNgcezu isimo ezinkampanini ezingaguquki
Ngisemncane ngaxoxelwa inganekwane yebhodwe lakwaNgcezu, elalibekwa eziko, kungabaswa mlilo kuthiwe malizipheke, nangempela lalizipheka. Kunemithetho emihle eyagunyazwa yiPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika, eyayethembisa ukuthi ngayo kuzokhushulwa isibalo saboHlanga abangabaphathi bezinkampani emazingeni aphezulu. Selokhu lakhululeka leli lizwe izibalo zokuphatha emazingeni aphezulu sikhombisa ukuthi abamhlophe basatamasa baphethe njengakuqala. Ukuba khona kwemithetho ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokuphoqa ukusebenza kwayo akwehlukile enganekwaneni yebhodwe okwakuthiwa liyazipheka.
Ngokwezibalo zakwaStatistics South Africa iNingizimu Afrika inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-58, futhi siyakhula isibalo unyaka nonyaka. Ngokwezibalo zonyaka wezi-2018/19 amaphesenti angama-80 alezi zigidi ngaboHlanga. Kuzo zonke izikhundla zokuphatha eziphezulu ezinkampanini kuleli lizwe aboHlanga bangamaphesenti ali-15,1 kuphela, kanti abamhlophe kuleli lizwe bangama-8% kuphela kulezi zigidi, kodwa baqhoqhobele izikhundla zokuphatha eziphezulu ezinkampanini ezingamaphesenti angama-66,5.
Lezi yizibalo zalapha kuleli lizwe elikhululekile, elingasenalo ubandlululo. Uma kukhulunywa ngezikhundla zokuphatha eziphezulu, akukhulunywa ngezikhundla ezivotelwayo, kodwa kubhekwe izinkampani ezehlukahlukene zaseNingizimu Afrika, okubalwa kuzo nezinkampani zikaHulumeni. Njengoba kuqokwe uMnu u-Andre du Ruyter njengompathi wenkampani i-Eskom, naye wengeza esibalweni sabamhlophe abaqhoqhobele izinkampani kula maphesenti angama-66,5.
Akusiyona into entsha lena, kodwa kushiya imibuzo yokuthi, ungakanani umehluko ekuqashweni kwaboHlanga ezikhundleni eziphezulu, kusukela ngesikhathi sobandlululo kuza esikhathini sanamuhla? Izibalo zonyaka wezi-2018 ziveza ukuthi kuwo wonke amazinga okuphatha, abamhlophe yibo abayisibalo esiphezulu kunazo zonke izinhlanga. Izibalo ziqhubeka ziveze ukuthi labo abashiyiyile emsebenzini ngezizathu ezehlukene, okubalwa kuzo ukuzesulela, ukudilizwa noma ukuxoshwa, kanye nokuthatha umhlalaphansi, amaphesenti angama-52 abamhlophe babuye baqashwa esibalweni esingamaphesenti angama-59 ababeyekile ukusebenza. Ezinkampanini ezibhaliswe kuJohannesburg Stock Exchange iZikhulu Eziphezulu (CEOs) kwakumi kanje ngonyaka wezi2018: aboHlanga bangama-10,2 %; abangamaKhaladi bangama-1,7%; abadabuka eNdiya bangama-2, 7%; kanti abamhlophe bangama-85%.
Uma isimo sinje kubonakala ngokusobala ukuthi uguquko olukhona kuleli lizwe lusemaphepheni nasemibhalweni ebizwa ngamagama ahlukahlukene, ahlobisa isimo esingaguqukile ngendlela efanele. Amanye amagama asetshenziswayo yilawo asejwayelekile njengelithi, BBBEE. Ngenza isibonelo nje ngaleli gama, kodwa ziningi izimo lapho kuguqulwa igama bese kuphelela lapho. Leli gama laqala lithi BEE. Kuhambe iminyaka kwabonakala sengathi leli gama alisebenzi ngendlela okumele lisebenze ngayo, iziphathimandla zase zinquma ukulandisa kwase kuthiwa yiBBBEE, kwaguqulwa izinto ezimbalwa laphaya nalaphaya, labekwa ezithebeni. Iqiniso lithi, amagama abhaliwe awazisebenzeli ngokwawo kodwa ngabantu abawasebenzisayo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwamagama akuthathi inyanga eyodwa, kodwa kuthatha iminyaka kuphenduphendulwa kubukwa, kuphikiswana ePhalamende, kuze kuphume okufuze leli gama leBBBEE. Uma seliphumile igama elisha kuqalwa izithangami kuhambe kukhulunywa kuchazwa ubumqoka baleli gama elisha, nomehluko elizowenza leli gama empilweni yabantu, nasemnothweni wezwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kuphele omunye unyaka abantu besafunda ukuthi igama elisha lizobasiza kuphi.
Eminyakeni engaphezu kweyisihlanu edlule, ngonyaka wezi-2015, (lapho kwase kuphele iminyaka engamashumi amabili savotela inkululeko) uNgqongqoshe Wezezimboni uDokotela uRob Davies wakhuluma ejabula ngokuthi ngamhla lulunye enyangeni uNhlaba kulowo nyaka kwakwethulwa imibandela ethile ebizwa ngamaCodes of Good Practice eyayizokwelekelela iBEE, ngoba kwakucaca ukuthi iBEE ayisebenzanga njengoba kwakulindelekile. Ngaphansi kwalamakhodi amasha kwakungezukuba nezinguquko esibalweni sokuqashwa kwaboHlanga ezingeni lokuphatha izikhundla eziphezulu. Isinqumo sagcina silapho sasilokhu sikhona kumaphesenti angama-50 ukungena kwaboHlanga ezikhundleni eziphezulu ezinkampanini. Uma uqhathanisa lesibalo samaphesenti angama-50 ngonyaka wezi-2015 naleso sangonyaka wezi-2018 samaphesenti ali15,1 kusobala ukuthi akukho zinguquko ezitheni, futhi kusengaphela iminyaka eyikhulu kungafikwanga kulesinqumo samashumi ayisihlanu amaphesenti.
Umbuzo ofikayo ngothi, oNgqongqoshe abaseminyangweni yeZinkampani ZikaHulumeni; Wezabasebenzi; Wezezimboni neminye, benzani ukuphoqa izinguquko ezibhalwe kulemithetho nalezinqumo. Omunye umbuzo ofikayo ngowezikhungo zemfundo esemazingeni aphezulu. UNgqongqoshe ophethe lo Mnyango Wezemfundo wenza ziphi izinhlelo ukukhuphula izinga lolwazi lwaboHlanga ukubalungiselela ukuphatha emazingeni aphezulu? Kusobala ukuthi ibhodwe labekwa eziko kwangabaswa mlilo ozokwenza kuvuthwe okuphekiwe, ngoba kwethenjwa ukuthi sonke sesivumile ukuthi ziyajika izinto.
Ngokubuka kwami, akufanele simangale kakhulu uma iningi laboHlanga lingaqashwa kulesi sikhathi. Noma ungasekho lo mthetho obizwa ngeJob Reservation owawusebenza ngezikhathi zobandlululo, umuntu angephike uma kungase kuthiwe ezinkampanini eziphethwe ngabamhlophe, owoHlanga ngeke awuthole umsebenzi uma kusekhona omhlophe ongakawutholi. Maningi amaqhinga angasetshenziswa buthule, abukeke esemthethweni kanti kuthiwa kuHulumeni, ‘lala lulaza sikwengule’. Izinkampani ezinkulu ziphethwe ngabamhlophe, iningi labo abawaziyo umsuka wobandlululo, futhi abakwaziyo ukulwenza lusebenze kube sengathi izinto zihamba kahle. Izibalo ezingenhla ziyasho ukuthi noma sebephumile ngobuningi emisebenzini abasuke beqashwe kuyo abamhlophe, kodwa iningi labo bayabuyiselwa ngemiqathango emisha. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa ngaphansi kwegama lokwesweleka kolwazi emikhakheni ethile.
Kusadingeka kekuhlalwe phansi kwenziwe izinhlelo ezizosebenza, hayi lezi esezithathe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili kunganyakazi lutho.