Umkhuhlane usunabele kuwoyela nasemnothweni wamazwe
Umkhuhlane weCOVID-19 usuhlasele iminotho yamazwe kwaze kwafika lapho amazwe ebhekana khona ngeziqu zamehlo ngenxa kawoyela . Lokhu kuvele emhlanganweni wamazwe akhiqiza uwoyela angaphansi kwe-Opec lapho kuphele sekukubi phakathi kwawo kanye nomnotho womhlaba jikelele.
Kukhona ukuvumelana kongoti nakubantu nje ukuthi inyanga esikuyo ingahle imoshe izinhlelo zonyaka wezi2020. Indaba iqalwe wukusabalala komkhuhlalene iCoronavirus (COVID-19) nokubikwa ukuthi ususabalele emazweni angaphezu kwali-110. Lo mkhuhlane osuwenze bonke abaholi bamazwe ama mazonzwane.
Okwamanje usaxake ngisho amazwe amakhulu ngokomnotho okuyi-United States of America (USA) neChina. Kula mazwe siyanda isibalo sabanalesi sifo kanjalo nokuphazamiseka komgqigqo womnotho. Lesi simo sidala itwetwe kufanele ngoba ukukhwehlela (ngakwezomnotho) kwala mazwe kugulisa umhlaba wonke.
Ngokombiko we-OECD Interim Economic Assessment, Coronavirus: The World Economy Risk, kusuka ngoMasingana lapho lesi sifo sidlange khona kube nokuthinteka komnotho nokusuke khona eChina njengoba indawo lapho lesi sifo sitholwe khona iHubei ifaka ama-4.5% emnothweni waleliya lizwe. NjengeChina amanye amazwe azozwela kakhulu njengoba ezokuvakasha zizokhinyabezeka kakhulu.
Ngokocwaningo lweWorld Bank, imbedukane yomkhuhlane ingabanga ukulakelwa kwezomnotho okulinganiselwa ema-5% kuGDP yomhlaba, noma ngaphezulu kosigidintahu aba-$3. Ukulahlekelwa okubangwa wumkhuhlane ongatheni, njenge-2009 H1N1, kusenga susa ama-0.5% kuGDP yomhlaba.
Esontweni esiphuma kulona lo mkhuhlane ukapakele nasekukhiqizweni kukawoyela nokuyikho okuhambisa umnotho wamazwe.
Indaba iqale emhlanganweni wamazwe akhiqiza uwoyela ngaphansi kwe-Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) nophele sekukubi emnothweni njengoba izinqumo ziqhubeke nokudala itwetwe kubatshalimali.
Emasontweni amabili edlule iRussia yenze obekungalindelekile ngesikhathi inqaba imzamo yenhlangano elawula ukukhiqizwa kanye nokudayiswa kukawoyela emhlabeni jikelele okuyiOPEC yokunqanda ukwehla kwentengo kawoyela okuqhutshwa ukubhebhetheka kweCoronavirus. Lokhu kuqede isivumelwano sokunciphisa umkhiqizo kawoyela ongahluziwe.
ISaudi Arabia kanye namanye akhiqiza kakhulu uwoyela angaphansi okuyi-Iraq, i-Iran, iKuwait, iVenezuela, iLibya, i-United Arab Emirates, i-Algeria, iNigeria, i-Ecuador, iGabon, i-Angola, iCongo kanye ne-Equatorial Guinea, aba nesivumelwano sokuthi kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe ngemiphongolo eyizigidi eziyi-1,5 ngosuku, kodwa ukuphothulwa kwalesi sinqumo kwakulele ekuvumeni kweRussia ngenxa yokuthi amanye amazwe ayekholelwa ekutheni uma kufanele kube nokulahleka kwenzuzo wonke amazwe mawakwenze lokho kungabi ijokwe lezwe elilodwa.
Sekungumlando ukuthi iRussia igcine ingavumanga kulesi siphakamiso. Kulandela lokhu iSaudi Arabia, iyiphosele inselelo. AbaseSaudi behlise amanani kawoyela ongahluziwe futhi kubikwa ukuthi balungiselela ukuvula ompompi abaningi ngenyanga ezayo okuzokwenza ukuba izimakethe zichichime kube kwehle izinga lokuwuthenga ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa yiCoronavirus. Isikhondlakhondla seSaudi i-Aramco sibizisa umphongolo kawoyela ama$2.8 okuyinani eliphansi kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Abakhiqizi bakawoyela ophuma etsheningxube base-USA badinga uwoyela ongahluziwe ongaba yinani eliphindwe ka-14 ukuze babuyelwe yizindleko zokuwukhiqiza. Manje, isiqalile impi yamanani kawoyela okwenza izinkampani zase-USA zikawoyela wedwalangxube ziphuthume ukwehlisa inani lokukhiqiza futhi zikulawule.
“Izinkampani zikawoyela wedwalangxube zidinga ukuthengisa okungenani ngama-$40 umphongolo ukuze zikwazi ukubuyelwa yimali yokukhiqiza,” kusho u-Ian Nieboer, umqondisi ophethe kwa-Enverus. “Uma amanani ase-USA ehlala engaphansi kwama-$30 umphongolo, ‘kuqala ukuba yingozi’,” kusho yena.
Ekuqaleni kwesonto amanani entengo kawoyela ehle ngamaphesenti ayisi-8 eNew York kanye naseLondon ngezinga elingakaze libonwe kusuka ngonyaka wezi-2017, futhi abahlaziyi abaningi balinde noma bakhomba ukuthi ukuphela kwesivumelwano sokubambisana seminyaka emithathu phakathi kwe-OPEC kanye neRussia kuzowehlisa kakhulu amanani entengo kawoyela.