Inhlangano iBCM yayibeka owoHlanga eqhulwini
Unya olwalwenziwa ngabamhlophe befuqwa ubandlululo nenzondo lwadala ukuzenyeza okukhulu kwaboHlanga. Babethathiswa ekwezinto hhayi abantu ngesikhathi ubandlululo lusadla lubi, befana namagobolondo angenampilo. Phela ubandlululo lwalusemthethweni eNingizimu Afrika lushicilelwe emabhukwini okuphathwa kwezwe.
Izinhlangano zepolitiki ezaziyizwi labantu, i-African National Congress (ANC) nePan Africanist Congress (PAC) zazivalwe umlomo, abantu bechithwa emadolobheni kuthiwe abahambe baye konomgogwana, oHulumeni Bezabelo.
Uma uzibandakanya nepolitiki wawuba ukudla kwejele noma uHulumeni wamaBhunu akubulale.
I-United Nations (UN) neOrganization for African Unity (OAU) ngowe-1973 bathi kuyicala ukubandlulula futhi akuhambisani nobuntu, beqondise enqubweni yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Kusukela ngemuva kwesibhicongo saseSharpeville, samhla zingama-21 kuNdasa ngowe-1960, kwaba nokuthuthumela ezweni. Kwayona imfundo eyayinikezwa aboHlanga yayenzelwe ukuthi bangabi izakhamuzi eziziqhenyayo ngezwe lazo, yayenzelwe ukuthi babe izisebenzi zasemapulazini, abagqomi bemigwaqo nabatshali bamazambane emapulazini aseBethal.
AboHlanga abasebekhanyiselwe, ikakhulukazi intsha eyayisemanyuvesi, yakhombisa intukuthelo ngesimo sezwe yahlangana yabumba iSouth African Student’s Organization (SASO) ngowe-1969, eyaxebuka kuNUSAS yabafundi abamhlophe. ISASO yayinenkambiso nenkolelo eyaziwa ngokuthi yiBlack Consciousness (BC). Le nqubo yayikhuthaza aboHlanga ukuthi baziqhenye ngebala labo, bazithande, bazethembe, babumbane, bazwane, bazihloniphe, bazithuthukise ngokwempilo, babe nobuntu nonembeza. Lezi zinto yizona ubandlululo olwaluziqeda kubantu.
UMnu uNelson Mandela noSolwazi uRobert Sobukwe babesejele, uMnu u-Oliver Tambo noMnu uMoses Mabhida besekudingisweni. Kulowo mnyama kwaqhamuka, uSteve Bantu Biko, insizwa eyayisencane eyayifunda e-University of Natal (eWentworth) yenza izifundo zobudokotela.
Yayishumayela ivangeli loMnu uFrantz Fanon, elalikhuthaza ukuzethemba nokuziqhenya ngebala elimnyama.
USolwazi uHebert Vilakazi (ongasekho), owafundisa emanyuvesi ahlukene e-USA, wayelwazi usizi lwabantu abamnyama base-USA okuyibona abasungula iBlack Pather Movement eyayifana neBlack Consciousness Movement (BCM) kaBiko.
Abafundi oBiko, uBhokwe Mafuna, uStrini Moodley, uSaths Cooper, uMusibudi Aaron Mangena, u-Ishmael Mkhabela, uKhehla Mthembu, uMamphele Ramphele, uGelser Nkondo, uPeter Cyril Jones, uPhandelani Nefolovhodwe, uTiyani Lybon Mabasa, u-Itumeleng Jerry Mosala nabanye bahlangana eTurfloop basungula iSASO eyaba ngaphansi kweBlack People’s Convention (BPC).
IBPC yayiphikisana noHulumeni bezabelo abantu ababeyingxenye yabo bethathwa njengabadayisi. IBPC yayikholelwa kakhulu ekulweleni amalungelo ezisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa nokuqhakambisa amasiko namagugu esizwe. IBlack Consciousness yayingahambisani nokucwasana ngokobuzwe, iqhakambisa ubumbano kwaboHlanga nokuzwana okuhambisana nokusizana. IBCM yayibona owoHlanga ngaphambi kokuba lowo muntu abengumZulu, umXhosa, umSotho, umShangane nomVenda. Amalungu eBCM ayekhombisa ukuzethemba ngendlela eyisimanga, engavumi ukubukelwa phansi.
Yayikhuthaza ukuthi aboHlanga bazimele yingakho kwakunesiqubulo esithi “Muntu omnyama umi wedwa” (Blackman you are on your own). Yayikholelwa ekutheni isikhali sokunqoba ubandlululo yimfundo, ukukhuthala, ukuzithuthukisa, ukuzithanda nokuzethemba.
Izibhelu zaseSoweto zangowe-1976 zaba umphumela wokuzigqaja kwaboHlanga (Black Consciousness) ngoba abafundi bathi sekwanele angeke baze bafundiswe izifundo ngesiBhunu.
Abanye abaholi abasebebadala emzabalazweni njengoSolwazi uSobukwe noMnu uZeph Mothopeng, babesebenza neBCM umshoshaphansi. AmaBhunu ayeyizonda kabi iBCM ngoba yayinjengeva onyaweni lwawo. Zonke izimfundisoze amaBhunu ayezigxisha emiqondweni yaboHlanga, iBCM yayizikhahlela ngazo zombili.
UBiko, owayehola iBCM, washayelwa umthetho wokuthi angaphumi eKing Williams Town ngoba waye newozawoza kubantu, engasaqhubeki nanezifundo zakhe zobudokotela. Yize ayesevalelwe enkanjini njengenkomo kodwa wakwazi ukusungula izinhlangano ezazisiza umphakathi.
Ubuholi beBCM baboshwa ngemuva kokuba nombuthano owaheha abantu abayizi-10 000, iViva Frelimo Rally, enkundleni iCurries Fountain, eThekwini, ngowe-1974.
Kwakubungazwa ukunqoba kweFrelimo eMozambique iqumba phansi amaPutukezi.
UMnu uMuntu kaMyeza, uStrini Moodley, uTerror Lekota, uSaths Cooper, ngabanye babaholi ababoshelwa ukuhlela lowo mbuthano.
UJimmy Kruger, owayenguNgqongqoshe Wamaphoyisa ngaleso sikhathi, wakhipha umyalelo wokuthi amaViva Frelimo Rally awavalwe izwe lonke. Baboshwa abaholi beBCM, bagwetshwa iminyaka eyisi-6. NgoMfumfu we-1977, yena uKruger wavala umlomo izinhlangano ezili-17 ezazihambisana neBCM namaphephandaba iBantu World neSunday World ayehlelwa nguMnu uPercy Qoboza.
Kwakunokwesaba kubantu ngoba noBiko wayesebulewe ngomhla zili-12 kuMandulo ngowe-1977.
Kube sekuba nomhlangano eRooderpoort, entshonalanga yeGoli, lapho kwasungulwa khona i-Azanian People’s Organization (AZAPO) ngoMbasa we-1978. Le nhlangano yayishumayela ivangeli leBCM futhi ihamba ezimfundisweni zikaBiko. Abantu abake baboshwa eRobben Island, ababengamalungu eBCM, bayasho ukuthi babehlukunyezwa ukwedlula zonke iziboshwa ngoba babengayimeli “inonsense” yamaBhunu.
UMnu uPatrick Mkhize, ongomunye wabagqugquzeli bezinyunyana eThekwini, wadonsa eRobben Island. Abanye abaholi beBCM balifulathela elakuleli bayohlwaya kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi ngoba intsha eningi yangowe-1976 yayisisabalele umhlaba wonke.
Abaholi abaya ngaphandle basungula iBlack Consciousness Movement of Azania (BCMA) nguMnu uMosibudi Aaron Mangena, uMnu uJerious Kgokong, uMnu uNkutseu Motsau, uMnu uStrike Tokoane (onguMengameli we-AZAPO njengamanje) noMnu uVuyisa Qunta. Basungula uphiko lwezempi lwe (BCMA), i-Azanian National Liberation Army (AZANLA), bethola ukuqeqeshwa eLibya.
I-AZAPO inalo uphiko lwabesifazane, iMbeleko, eholwa nguNks uSunshine “Sha” Mbhele, eThekwini. Yona i-AZAPO lena ivulwe umlomo nezinye izinhlangano ngowe-1990, abaholi bayo ababesekudingisweni babuyela emakhaya. Inkolelo yeBlack Consciousness isivukile, uyibona entsheni yanamuhla engamalungu e-Economic Freedom Fighters neBlack First Land First (BLF).
- nguMenzi Jele