Lingahle liwuchithe kweyezibonelelo
Iso elibuka kabanzi kwezokuthuthukiswa komnotho libona ubungozi obungahle behlele elakuleli ekuhambeni kwesikhathi
Namuhla izwe libhekene notavatava oluphoqa ukuba kusetshenziswe imali engekho. Khona lapho umjaho wokuthola ikhambi usuqalile neNingizimu Afrika ayizibekile phansi.
Umnotho waseNingizimu Afrika uhlale iminyaka elishumi ungakhuli waze wadlulwa owaseNigeria owagcina uhambe phambili ngowezi-2014 e-Afrika. Umnotho wakuleli ukhule nje ngo-0,8% kuphela ngonyakamali wezi-2018/19 waphinda wehla kakhulu futhi waya ku0.2% ngonyakamali ofile. Njengamanje abakwaSouth African Revenue Services (SARS) babike ukusilela ngezigidigidi ezingama-R66 ekuqoqweni kwentela mhla zingama-31 kuNdasa wezi-2020. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwemali esetshenziselwa izibonelelo zikaHulumeni kuqhathaniswa nemali efakwa ekukhuliseni umnotho, kuhlale kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele ixoxwe. Kubukeka sengathi ukukhokhelwa kwemali yezibonelelo kuzomehlula uHulumeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Siyavumelana sonke ukuthi makuqhutshekwe nezibonelelo zikaHulumeni njengoba kusho nezazi zezomnotho zaseNyuvesi yaseKapa kepha uhlelo lwezibonelelo ngeke luphumelele ngaphansi kwesimo sezomnotho odunguzelayo.
Kuliqiniso elingephikwe ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ineGini Coefficient (GC) ephezulu kakhulu, inesilinganiso esiku-0.6 emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Lokhu kwenza izibonelelo zikaHulumeni zibaluleke kakhulu. Kanjalo-ke, kunemiphumela emihle yezomnotho ekutheni uHulumeni aqhubeke nokufaka imali ezibonelelweni zomphakathi njengokuthuthukiswa kwezemfundo, ukubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzayo kanye nokunciphisa indlala kepha hhayi ubuphofu. Izibonelelo zomphakathi zibaluleke ngempela, ikakhulukazi uma zikhishwa njengesibambiso sesikhashana hhayi njengesixazululo saphakade futhi nalabo abayitholayo kumele banciphe unyaka nonyaka uma umnotho uphethwe kahle.
Ingwijikhwebu-ke ukuthi bangaphezu kwama-32% (bevile ezigidini ezili-18) abantu abathola izibonelelo zemali kaHulumeni ezidla izwe izigidi ezili-R176 ngonyaka, lapho kunezingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-13. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemiphumela emibi kwezomnotho ukusebenzisa imali eningi ezibonelelweni zikaHulumeni, ikakhulukazi uma ababonelelwayo, abevile ezigidini ezili-18, bebaningi kakhulu kunalabo abakhokha intela abayizigidi ezili-15 abenza ukuthi imali yezibonelelo ibe khona ngentela yabo. Okufike kukhathaze kakhulu ukuthi izinga lokuzalwa kwabantu likhula ngokwethusayo unyaka nonyaka.
Ngokwamazinga okuzalwa abikwe ngabakwaStatSA, kwazalwa izingane ezingaphezu kwezi-1 200 000 ngonyaka wezi-2018. Khonamanjalo, abemukeli bezibonelelo bayanda kakhulu okungama-12% unyaka nonyaka. Ngakhoke izibonelelo zethwesa uHulumeni ijoka elizomxaka maduze. Ngendlela izibalo ezenyuka ngayo minyaka yonke, kuqagulwa ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2026 uhlelo lwemali yezibonelelo luzodla yonke imali engenayo kaHulumeni okuzobe sekuwukufadabala kwalolu hlelo.
Lokhu okugenhla kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi bambalwa abakhokha intela futhi bathwale ijoka elinzima ukuze izibonelelo zibe yimpumelelo, ekubeni abemukeli bezibonelelo abayikhokhi intela ngaphandle kweVAT. Umthwalo osindayo kubakhokhi bentela kungenzeka ukuthi unyuke njengoba uHulumeni ezoxhasa uhlelo lweCovid-19 Social Relief of Distress oluzodla izigidigidi ezingama-R500 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ngaphezu kwemali ejwayelekile eyizigidi ezili-R176 ngonyaka.
Uma sibhekisisa lolu daba, uHulumeni usenkingeni yokuthi akhethe phakathi kokuqhubeka nezibonelelo noma afukule umnotho, kodwa-ke kubukeka sengathi uHulumeni uqome ukwehlisa ukufaka imali kungqalasizinda njengemigwaqo, izindlu nokusabalaliswa kweBroadband ukuze aqhubeke nohlelo lwezibonelelo. Ngokwenza njalo, ukukhula komnotho kuye kwehla, njengoba imali yezibonelelo ingawukhuphuli umnotho ngamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kwemali ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda.
Njengokusho kuka-Ulriksen (2010), umnotho ukhula kancane ezweni, uHulumeni ubhekene nesambane phakathi kokuthi aqhubeke ngokukhuphula imali yezibonelelo noma afake imali ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda. Uma uHulumeni ekhetha lokhu kokugcina, lokho kuzokwakha amathuba emisebenzi nokukhulisa umnotho okuzinzile ngoba ukwenyusa amanani entela kuzoqhubekisa ukufadabala komnotho.
Uma uHulumeni ezama ukukwenza kokubili okuwukuqhubeka nezibonelelo zikaHulumeni kanye nokufukula umnotho ngokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, ngeke kuchume kokubili. Lokhu-ke kuzophoqa uHulumeni ukuthi andise isikweletu anaso emazweni ngamazwe ngenxa yokungeneli kwenkece ezweni okwenzeka nsukuzaphuma, kakhulukazi njengoba umnotho uqhubeka nokwehla ngohologo. Uma uHulumeni eqoma ukuqhubeka nezibonelelo zomphakathi ezikhula njalo ayeke ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, lokho kunganciphisa indlala okwesikhashana kodwa ubuphofu nokungalingani kwabantu kusazoqhubeka.
Kanti-ke uma uHulumeni efaka imali ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda lokho kuzodala amathuba emisebenzi azokhulisa imali eyingeniso kubantu abasebenzayo bese kuthengwa kakhulu izimpahla okuzokhulisa imikhiqizo ekugcineni iGDP izokhula kakhulu bese kuba nokukhula komnotho ngamandla okuzovula amathuba emisebenzi eminingi. Uma ubuphofu nokungalingani sekuncishiswe kakhulu, izibonelelo zikaHulumeni zizokwehliswa kakhulu bese izimakethe zizisebenze okuzoqinisa umnotho isikhathi eside.
Kunezincomo ezintathu zesikhathi eside zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula komnotho kwenzeka kanyekanye nokunciphisa ubuphofu nokungalingani ekugcineni bese kunciphisa ukuncika kakhulu kwabantu ezibonelelweni zikaHulumeni.
Okokuqala, imikhiqhiqizo yezimboni iwumgogodla womnotho wakuleli. Kufanele uHulumeni asebenzise inqubomgomo yakhe yezimboni ngokuqinisa aphinde athuthukise uhlelo lwezimboni ukuze avikele izimboni zakuleli bese kuba nemisebenzi ezinzile. Ezimweni eziningi, iNingizimu Afrika iyehluleka ukuvikela izimboni zayo njengoba isayinda izivumelwano zokuhweba ezivuna amanye amazwe bese zicindezela thina. Isibonelo, izivumelwano ezifana ne-Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) ezizuzisa kuphela amaMelikana kumele ziguqulwe.
Okwesibili, uHulumeni kufanele alungise uhlelo lwemfundo, kusukela ezinkulisa kuze kufike emfundweni ephakeme njengoba imfundo yethu ingakhiqizi okudingwa izimakethe zemisebenzi nezimboni. Bambalwa kakhulu abafundi abangena ezikoleni zomphakathi abathola iziqu zemfundo ephakeme kanti abazitholayo ikakhulukazi bavela ezikoleni ezizimele noma ezikoleni ezingamaModel-C ngokusho kombiko weDHET.
Okwesithathu, uHulumeni kufanele akhuculule insila yobandlululo kwezokuhlaliswa kwaboHlanga ngoba iningi lemali engenayo yezisebenzi ezimpofu (elingaphezu kwama-50%) isetshenziselwa ezindlekweni zokuya emsebenzini ngoba zisebenza kude nalapho zihlala khona. UHulumeni unomhlaba omningi ongasetshenzisiwe oseduze nezindawo zamadolobha obungasetshenziselwa ukwakha izindlu zabahola kancane. Kunalokho, isikhathi esiningi, uHulumeni ukhetha ukuwuthengisela ongxiwankulu nezicebi ukuze zakhe amabhizinisi azo, isibonelo nje yiDolobha laseKapa.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwakheke kabusha umnotho, uHulumeni kumele anciphise ukuxhasa ngemali yezibonelelo kodwa afake kakhulu imali eningi ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda ukuze kuvaleke igebe lokungalingani kwabantu futhi kudaleke namathuba emisebenzi ukuze uHulumeni akwazi ukusebenzisa intela kwezinye zezinhlelo zakhe njengemfundo ephakeme yamahhala kanye noMshuwalense Wezempilo Kazwelonke.