Asingazibi ezinye izifo ngenxa yokhuvethe
Njengoba umhlaba nezwe lethu kuqhubeka ukugubuzelwa ubhubhane oludalwa igciwane iCorona, kubalulekile ukuthi singakhohlwa ngezinye izifo ezihlasela abantu ezweni lethu.
Izinto eziningi ezibalulekile okubalwa nesifo esibucayi sofuba sezizitshiwe.
Njalo mhla zingama-24 kuNdasa kuba wusuku lwesifo sofuba emhlabeni (World TB Day). Izinsuku ezifana nalolu kubalulekile ukuzibungaza ngoba zisikhumbuza okwenziwa yileli gciwane empilweni yabantu futhi okusaqhubeka.
Le migubho iphinde iqwashise ngalesi sifo ngezindlela eziningi zokufundisa futhi ibheka ibanga eselihanjiwe ekwelapheni abantu asebethelelekile nokuthi sesikuphi emizamweni yethu yokusiqeda.
Isifo sofuba sihamba phambili njengesiyimbangela yokufa kwabantu. Babeyizigidi ezili-10 abathelelekile kwashona abayisi-1 200 000 ngowezi-2018.
Ihlasela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, abesilisa nabesifazane nakuba kubukeka sengathi amadoda atheleleka kakhulu kunabesifazane. Abesilisa benza amaphesenti angama-57.
INingizimu Afrika ingenye yamazwe aphambili ayisi-8 anesandla ngesilinganiso sokubili kokuthathu emhlabeni ngokutheleleka, izibalo ezintsha zikhomba ukuthi abangama-520 kubantu abayizi-100 000.
Umongo wosuku lwesifo sofuba ngowezi-2020 ubuthi “Sekuyisikhathi: Sokuqeda Isifosofuba” (“It’s Time: To End TB”). Ufuba lunesandla ukuguleni nasekufeni kwabantu abaningi ezweni lethu. Iqhingasu elibizwa nge-UN End TB Strategy lihlose ukwehlisa isibalo sabathelelekayo nababulawa yisifo sofuba ngowezi-2030. Lihlose ukwehlisa ukufa kwabantu ngamaphesenti angama-90 nangama-80 esibalo sabanaso (okuyizigameko zokutheleleka kubantu abayizi-100 000 ngonyaka) uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ngowezi-2015.
Okungcono okwenzekile ngaleli qhingasu ukuncipha ngamaphesenti angama-35 kwesibalo sabafayo nangama-20 kwezigameko ezintsha zabathelelekayo. INingizimu Afrika isingenelele ngezindlela ezahlukene okwenze yahlangabezana nezinjongo ze-United Nations (UN) zokwehlisa ukutheleleka kwabantu ngamaphesenti angama-20 nokufa kwabantu okuhlobene neTB ngamaphesenti angama-35 ngowezi-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa nowangowezi-2015.
Elinye iqhingasu iNingizimu Afrika eyalisebenzisa elibizwa nge-90-90-90. Elisho ukuthi abantu abangamaphasenti angama-90 okulula ukuba batheleleke bazoluhlolelwa ufuba, angama-90 abantu asebenalo bazokwelashwa kuthi angama-90 abalashiwe babe sebeluleme ngonyaka wezi-2030.
Lokhu ngeke kufezeke uma singabambisene, uHulumeni, izinhlangano zomphakathi, umuntu ngamunye, izisebenzi zezempilo nezinhlangano ezahlukene zomphakathi.
Iyini iThibhi (TB)
Lokhu ukungcola (infection) okudalwa ibhakhithiriya ebizwa ngeMycobacterium Tuberculosis. Ibhakhithiriya isuka kumuntu ingene komunye ngamaconsana abasemoyeni aphuma uma umuntu ekhwehlela noma ethimula.
Ijwayele ukuhlasela amaphaphu kodwa ingangena nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba njengenhliziyo (TB Pericarditis), ubuchopho (TB Meningitis), izindlala (TB Lymphadenitis), umgogodla (TB Myelitis) nezinye. ITB ingaba mandla emzimbeni womuntu kolunye uhlangothi ivimbeleke ukuba ingene komunye noma ingabi mandla ngenxa yamasotsha omzimba. Umuntu onofuba olungekho mandla akabi nazo izimpawu futhi ngeke akwazi ukuthelela abanye okungasho ukuthi isifo akanaso kodwa ngelinye ilanga singaba mandla. Kunabantu abasengcupheni yokuthi isifo sivuke njengalabo abanengculaza. ITB emandla ichaza ukuthi umuntu uyagula noma unezimpawu zesifo sofuba futhi angasisabalalisa kwabanye.
ITB emandla iyaba kubantu abadala abangamaphesenti angama-99 abebenalesi sifo singekho mandla. Izimpawu abantu ababanazo ziyehluka kuye ngengxenye yomzimba ethintekile. Ejwayelekile ukuncipha emzimbeni, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukukhathala nokujuluka ebusuku Njengoba iningi labantu beguliswa yiTB yamaphaphu, baye babonakale ngokukhwehlela. Olunye uhlobo lofuba lubonakala ngokuba nenkinga yokuphefumula, ukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle nokunye.
Yelashwa kanjani iThibhi
Ihlonzwa ngokuthi kuhanjiswe okuthile elabhorethi kuyohlolwa okungaba uketshezi oluthathwe kuleyo ngxenye yomzimba ethintekile.
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni ufuba umuntu analo luyisiphi isigaba. Engekho mandla yelashwa ngenhloso yokuvikela ababuthakathaka ukuthi isifo singadlondlobali. ENingizimu Afrika iTB Prophylaxis ijwayele ukunikwa abantu abaneHIV nalabo abake basondelana nabanofuba okungaba abantu ahlalanabo. Lokhu kubalulekile ezinganeni ezineminyaka yobudala engaphansi kwemihlanu. ITB emandla yelashwa ngengxube yamakhambi ebizwa ngeRifafour (izinhlobo ezine zamaphilisi kwelilodwa) ethathwa izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuya kwezili-12 kuye ngengxenye yomzimba ethintekile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi oseqale ukudla imishanguzo ayiqede noma esezizwa esengcono. Ukusebenza kahle kwemishanguzo kuncike ekulandeleni imiyalelo okuwukudla amaphilisi ngendlela oyalelwe ngayo zonke izinsuku.
Ukungayidli ngendlela imishanguzo kungaholela ekutheni isifo singelapheki futhi kwandise amathuba okuba kuvuke ufuba okungelula ukulelapha (MDR) nokuthatha isikhathi eside ukwelapheka. IMDR isithanda ukuba yinkinga enkulu kuleli nasemhlabeni.
Kulesi sigaba kusho ukuthi imishanguzo ejwayelekile yofuba ayisasebenzi sekusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela. Kubalulekile ukukukhumbula ukuthi ukutholakala nokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba, abantu abanaso bangalapheka nokusabalala kwaso kungancishiswa.
Lokhu ngezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ekunciphiseni iTB emiphakathini yethu. Ngakho-ke uma usola ukuthi unaso lesi sifo, funa usizo lokwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze ihlonzwe, uma unayo qala ukudla imishanguzo futhi ulandele imiyalelo ukugwema ukuyisabalalisa emndenini nasemphakathini. Kubalulekile futhi ukunciphisa izinto ezingaholela ekungenweni yilesi sifo njengokubhema, isifo sikashukela nokungenwa yiHIV.
Ufuba nokhuvethe
Abantu abanofuba basengcupheni yokungenwa ngezinye izifo. Lokhu kubalwa nokhuvethe okungadalwa ukulimala kwamaphaphu. Kuthiwa uma ukwelashwa kofuba kuphazamisekile ngenxa yokhuvethe, imiphumela kungaba ukwanda kwabafayo nengcuphe yofuba okungelula ukulwelapha.
Kubalulekile ukuthi nangalesi sikhathi abantu abaneTB baqhubeke nemishanguzo. Ukunciphisa amathuba okutheleleka ngokhuvethe uma unofuba, gwema ukusondelana nokuthintana nabantu ikakhulu abagulayo, geza izindla njalo ngensipho namanzi, gwema ukuthinta ubuso, ikhala namehlo ngezandla ezingageziwe, faka isimfonyo, sebenzisa isibulalimagciwane khwehlelela endololwaneni okuyinto ebalulekile kuzona zombili lezi zifo.