Imikhuba yabamhlophe ngemisebenzi yaboHlanga engamahele
Bathwala kanzima aboHlanga asebekhushulelwe ezikhundleni eziphezulu ezinye izinhlanga zingakwamukeli ukugixabezwa kwabo ngalezo zikhundla
Kwakunomzabalazo owawufuqwa ngaphansi kohlaka lukaMfundisi uLeon Howard Sullivan wase-United States of America (USA), olwalubizwa ngeSullivan Code. Wawubhekiswe ezinkampanini zase-USA esingacaphuna i-Anglo American, iBarlow Rand, iGeneral Motors, iCoca Cola nezinye. Lwaluthi azingacwasi aboHlanga nezinye izinhlanga ezazisebenza kuzona. Lwalufuna zibeke aboHlanga ezikhundleni eziphakeme, babe yizimeneja uma kwakufanele. Kube nomvuzo owenelisayo kwababesebenza, kungabandlululwa ngokwezindawo zokudlela nezokugqokela. INingizimu Afrika, iBritain namanye amazwe alandela ekukhuphuleni ezikhundleni aboHlanga, babe yizimeneja ezinkampanini zawo.
Kwaqapheleka futhi ngenkathi aboHlanga besungula umfelandawonye wezimeneja zaboHlanga eNingizimu Afrika owawubizwa ngeBlack Managers Forum, iBMF. Owawulwa nokubandlululwa kwaboHlanga ezinkampanini okwakuqalwe ngamaKoloni kwazoba ngamaBhunu. Lwalufuna babekwe ezikhundleni yizinkampanini uma kwakufanele.
Kwakungowe-1974, ngenkathi aboHlanga ababesebenza kwaloliwe sebekhushulelwe emisebenzini eyabe yenziwa ngabamhlophe noma amaBhunu. Babonakala sebexhuma, sebesondeza izinqola futhi behlela namagiya ojantshi bezitimela. Kwakubizwa ngokuthi umashendela. KunaboHlanga ababulawa, balimala banqamuka izandla nemilenze kojantshi ngenhloso yamaBhunu. Ayengabatsheli ukuba baqaphele uma sezisondela izinqola, ingani phela ngangilaliswe nabanye babo esibhedlela iKing Edward VIII, ababelimale kwaloliwe.
Kwabonakala aboHlanga sebengabashayi nabaqinisekisisi bamathikithi ezitimeleni ezazihamba amabanga amade ngowe-1980. KwabanaboHlanga abasebengabashayeli nabasizi ezitimeleni ezithwala impahla nabagibeli, ezihambela emalokishini namabanga amade ngowe-1993.
Akwehlanga kahle kwezinye izinhlanga. AboHlanga abasebeyizimeneja nabase bekhushulelwe ezikhundleni bahlangabezana nezingqinamba eziningi. Babedidiswa ngamabomu, koniwe imisebenzi ababeyisebenza ukuze abamhlophe bacabange ukuthi babeyizehluleki. Wayezalelwe yinja endlini owoHlanga owayeyedwa phakathi kwezinye izinhlanga kuleyo nkampani. Kwakudingeka abe nobuhlakani, umgogodla nesibindi angatatazeli ukubhekana nalezo zigigaba.
Kwabesekubonakala aboHlanga sebeyizimeneja ezinkampanini, ezitolokazi, ikakhulukazi izitolokazi zabamhlophe nakwezinye izindawo ngasekupheleni kowe-1981. Izinkampani zaseNingizimu Afrika ezazibabeka izimeneja aboHlanga, zazithi zazibanyusela ezikhundleni eziphezulu. Izinkampani zazimchazela owoHlanga zazimdlulisela emsebenzini othile nasesikhundleni noma ukuba yimeneja eyayizosebenza umsebenzi owabe usetshenzwa ngabamhlophe, amaNdiya namaKhaladi phambilini. Kwaqala kwabonakala aboHlanga owawubazi beseyizinduna, beseyizimfolomane, sebeyizimeneja ezazisebenza imisebenzi eyabe isetshenzwa ngabamhlophe nezinye izinhlanga.
Uma ngingaphosisi izitolo zakwaPick ’n Pay ezaba ngezokuqala ukubeka uwoHlanga njengemeneja. KwakunguMnu uMakhathini owayesebenza kwaPick ’n Pay eWestville ngaseposini ngowe-1981. Kwazothi ngowe-1986, uPick ’n Pay Hypermarket eDurban North waba nemeneja yoHlanga, igama layo kwakungu-Afrika. Kwalandela nezinye izimeneja njengoMnu uVusi “Nyerere” Mhlongo ngowe-1992.
Kwabonakala noMnu uDon Mkhwanazi esesesikhundleni esasiphezulu enkampanini yakwaSmith and Nephew. Kwaba uMnu uMaduke Lot Ndlovu owaba sesikhundleni ngowe-1991 enkampanini okwakuthiwa uNampak Tissue kanye nasebhange iNedbank. Kwazoba abanye boHlanga kwezinye izinkampani. Izinkampani iSouth African Breweries, uSAB, neyakwaCoca Cola zenza njalo.
Kayisalanga ithelevishini nemisakazo ngowe-1990. Umsakazo uKhozi FM, lusabizwa ngoRadio Zulu, lwabeka uMfu uHawu Mbatha njengemeneja jikelele eThekwini. Kwakungalowo nyaka okwaqala ukuba ithelevishini, uKhozi neminye imisakazo kushalazele izilimi zaboHlanga. Kuphoqwa ukukhulunywa kwesiNgisi uma sekungaboHlanga abayizimeneja. Lafa elihle kakhulu!
Okubuhlungu izimeneja zaboHlanga azibikhona emihlanganweni yasebusuku kuze kube yisentathakusa. Okuyimihlangano okuthathwa kuyo izinqumo ezinqala. Izimeneja zaboHlanga zisuke zilele emakhaya, namanje kusenjalo. Ziba semihlanganweni yasemini bese kubukeka sengathi izinqumo zithathwe ngaleso sikhathi zikhona.
Kwafakazeleka ngenyanga uNhlaba wangowezi-2004. Izimeneja zaboHlanga zaziqinise idolo izisebenzi ukuthi inkampani yayingezukudiliza emva kwendumezulu yedili elalinuka santungwana. Zazithi lelo dilikazi laliwubufakazi bokuthi yayingeke idilize inkampani. Kanti ngenyanga uNhlangulana izisebenzi zizothola izincwadi ezazizazisa ukuthi zazizodilizwa. Kwaba buhlungu ezimenejeni zaboHlanga ukuthi abelungu babe baqambise amanga.
Sithola aboHlanga bejaha amathenda sengathi banezinkampani emva kowe-1994. Kube kuhlaluka ukuthi bayizimeneja noma izisebenzi ezisekusithekeni nezingabonakali. Kafushane, imeneja kuthiwa isikhundla somuntu osingethe, oqaphile, ophethe nohlela izinto, izimo nabantu ekusebenzeni kwabo kanye nokunye. Bayaklwebhwana okwamakati, babulalane ngenxa yamathenda, yobumeneja obusekusithekeni. Ingani banikwe isamba semali uHulumeni, ngomasipala nezinye izinkampani, ukwenza umsebenzi ohlonziwe nokuwumqansa. Bese beqasha izisebenzi egameni lokuthi banenkampani noma ibhizinisi. Akufani nabadayisi abazimele abasemigwaqeni, eminqenqemeni nakwezinye izindawo, abanganikwa isamba semali. Kodwa abathenga ngemali yabo, bengeze izindleko badayise ngokubona kwabo nangezimo.
Akuqalanga emva kowe-1994 ukuba aboHlanga babeyizimeneja ezinkampanini njengoba kunabacabanga kanjalo manje. Sekuwumlando ukuthi emva kowe-1994, ubumeneja babizwa ngokuthi iBlack Economic Empowerment (BEE). Kwakuhubhuzwa ilumbo ukuthi kwakuzohlomula uquqaba lwaboHlanga kwezomnotho kodwa kwahlomula idlanzana elalisezikhundleni ezaziphethwe ngabamhlophe. Lagwilika, kwanda kakhulu ubusela, ukweba nobugebengu.