Izinkantolo ngemibhalo esezinkundleni zokuxhumana zicubungula umsuka nempindo
Sezibe ningi iziwombe lapho abantu begijimisana ezinkantolo yenxa yemibhalo efakwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana abanye abakhala ngokuthi inokucwasa ngokobuhlanga abanye bathi ibehlisa isithunzi noma idicilela phansi amagama abo.
Imvamisa lokhu ukuthi kufakwane ezinkantolo kuye kwenziwe yilabo abadla izambane likapondo abanezimali zabameli kanjalo nezikhulu noma osopolitiki.
Icala elikhombisa lokhu eladuma eNingizimu Afrika elaliphakathi kukaMnu uTrevor Manuel ne-Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) (Manuel v Economic Freedom Fighters and Others [2019] ZAGPJH 157 eNkantolo Enkulu eGauteng). Isinqumo kuleli cala sakhiswa mhla zingama-30 kuNhlaba wezi-2019.
Lapha uManuel owake waba uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali kuleli wayekhulekela ukuvimba umbhalo weEFF nabaholi bayo uMnu uMbuyiseni Ndlozi noMnu uJulius Malema ababemelwe abameli bakwa-Ian Levitt ababewufake enkundleni yokuxhumana iTwitter yethi umehlisa isithunzi.
NgokukaManuel, yena owayemelwe ngabameli bakwaWebber Wentzel, umyalelo wenkantolo ayewukhulekela wawubalulekile ukugeza igama lakhe nesithunzi okuhle.
Umbhalo we-EFF, uNdlozi noMalema usukela ezincomweni zeKhomishini kaNugent mayelana nokususwa kwalowo owayenguKhomishana wakwaSouth African Revenue Service (SARS) nokuqokwa kowayezovala isikhala sakhe.
UManuel wayeqokwe njengoSihlalo wephaneli eyayizobheka uhlelo lokutholwa futhi liphakamise ofanele ukugcwalisa isikhala sikaKhomishana wakwaSARS.
Kunhlolokhono kaMnu u-Edward Kieswetter, uManuel wazihoxisa kwazise uKieswetter wayesebenza kwaSARS ngesikhathi uManuel esanguNgqongqoshe Wezezimali. Kwagcina ngokuthi iphaneli iphakamise igama likaKieswetter futhi waqokwa uMengameli wezwe njengoKhomishana wakwaSARS.
Mhla zingama-27 kuNdasa wezi2019 i-EFF yashicilela isitatimende ekhasini layo likaTwitter elisemthethweni esinesihloko esithi “I-EFF ichitha uhlelo lwenhlolokhono kaKhomishana wakwaSARS”.
Phakathi kokunye lesi sitatimende senza izinsolo ezithi: “Sekuvelile ukuthi omunye wabebegaqele isikhundla ongene kunhlolokhono futhi wavunywa yiphaneli umuntu onezigigaba obizwa ngoEdward Kieswetter, ongagcini ngokuba isihlobo sikaTrevor Manuel kodwa umngani nomuntu abasondele kakhulu kwezamabhizinisi.”
Lesi sitatimende saqhuba sathi: “UKieswetter wayeyiSekela likaKhomishana wakwaSARS, owaqokelwa kulesi sikhundla ngokungemthetho uTrevor Manuel ngesikhathi uPravin Gordhan enguKhomishana wakwaSARS. UKieswetter wayekwaSARS ngesikhathi sethimba lobunhloli elalingekho emthethweni elakhiwa uPravin Gordhan ukujijimeza izimbangi zezepolitiki nokwenza inkohlakalo.
Emva kwakwaSARS, uKieswetter wajoyina i-Alexander Forbes wagcina esusiwe kule nkampani ngenxa yezinsolo zenkohlakalo nokungaziphathi kahle. Emuva kwakwa-Alexander Forbes, uKieswetter waba iSekela lomphathi wesikhungo semfundo igama laso elingabazisayo. Lona usengumuntu uTrevor Manuel noTito Mboweni asebefuna ukumfaka kwaSARS”.
INkantolo Enkulu yathola ukuthi isitatimende se-EFF sasehlisa isithunzi njengoba umbhalo wawusho ukuthi uManuel wayengathembekile, enobugebengu futhi engekho qotho. NgokweNkantolo kwakungekho ukungabaza ukuthi lesi sitatimende sasizokwehlisa isithunzi sikaManuel ekuhlawumbiseleni kwamalungu omphakathi acabanga ngendlela eqondile. INkantolo yaphinde yathola ukuthi abamangalelwa behlulekile ukuveza ukuthi lesi sitatimende siphambene nomthetho.
Kunezinto eziningi eziqaphelekayo emyalelweni weNkantolo Enkulu: Okukuqala sinika isivimbelo, siyacacisa, sinenhlawulo, ukuxolisa nokususa umbhalo ngaphandle kwemibandela.
Okwesibili njengoba icala lalifakwe njengesicelo sesivimbelo, iNkantolo Enkulu yaphoqa ukuthi kukhokhwe amademeshe ngenxa yalesi sitatimende esasehlisa isithunzi ngaphandle kokuthi icala liqulwe ngokugcwele njengoba kuye kudingeke emacaleni okwehlisa isithunzi.
Inhlawulo yezi-R500 000 eyanikwa i-EFF ngenxa yalesi sitatimende yaba ngenkulu kunazo zonke ezake zakhishwa emacaleni okwehlisa isithunzi eNingizimu Afrika.
Ngaphezulu kwalokhu iNkantolo yakhipha umyalelo wesivimbelo sangunaphakade ukugwema ukwenziwa kwezitatimende ezehlisa isithunzi ngomuso “ezithi noma ezichaza ukuthi ummangali wenze inkohlakalo noma ukwenzelela ngokobuhlobo ekuqokweni kukaKhomishana wakwaSARS”.
Ekugcineni iNkantolo yayalela abamangalelwa ukuba bakhokhe inhlawulo yokujeziswa.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukushicilelwa kwezitatimende ezehlisa isithunzi okungaba ku-intanethi kwaba nomthelela emyalelweni weNkantolo Enkulu ekutheni lezi zinkundla zokuxhumana zimeleni.
Ukubhekwa kwabasebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana
Ukuya phambili, iNkantolo Enkulu kwakufanele ibheke incazelo ejwayelekile yalesi sitatimende ngokuhambisana nemigomo yokwehliswa kwesithunzi ngaphansi komthetho iCommon Law.
Lokhu kubhekwa ngokuthi kutholwe ukuthi ofundayo angasithatha kanjani isitatimende.
Kodwa, njengoba iNkantolo Enkulu ibalulile, kungabanzima ukucacisa lokho okuchaza ilungu lomphakathi elijwayelekile. Kulokhu, iNkantolo yagcizelela ukuthi isitatimende se-EFF senziwe ngombhalo kuTwitter hhayi ngendlela ejwayelekile yephephandaba noma umsakazo.
Kulesi simo, iNkantolo ichaze ukuthi “othathwa njengelungu lomphakathi elijwayelekile angathathwa njengomuntu osebenzisa uTwitter ongumlandeli weEFF noMnu uMalema futhi odla khezo lunye naye kwezepolitiki nasezindabeni zakamua”.
Okutholwe iNkantolo kunika umhlahlandlela wokuthi yini izinkantolo ezikubukayo uma zibheka ilungu lomphakathi elijwayelekile elisebenzisa izikundla zokuxhumana. Okokuqala, kufanele kube inkundla uqobo lwayo nabayisebenzisayo.
Okwesibili, kumele kube abayisebenzisayo abalandela umuntu ofake umbhalo kuleyo nkundla, okukholakala ukuthi yibo abangafunda noma babuke akufakile. Okwesithathu, iNkantolo ibheke osebenzisa le nkundla onomuzwa ofanayo nomuntu ofaka umbhalo, kulokhu, okuhambisana nepolitiki nezindaba zakamuva.
Ukusebenzisa lokhu kuhlola, iNkantolo Enkulu ifinyelele ekutheni isitatimende se-EFF sehlisa isithunzi ngoba umuntu ojwayelekile ocabanga ngendlela ephusile usiqonda ngokuthi sisho ukuthi uManuel akathembekile futhi akekho qotho.
Ubufakazi obuvezwe abamangalelwa emizamweni yabo yokuphika ungahambisani nomthetho koshicilelo lwabo, buthi isitatimende sabo sasiyiqiniso futhi sithinta umphakathi. Kodwa iNkantolo ime ekutheni okushiwo abamangalelwa abathi basebenzisa ulwazi oluthembekile abaluthola emthonjeni, akubabeki endaweni yokuthi bangalithwali icala.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, iNkantolo icaphune kokubizwa ngeRepetition Rule, umgomo omkhulu ongaphansi komthetho iCommon Law.
IRepetition Rule ithi abantu abaphinda izinsolo ezehlisa isithunzi ezenziwa omunye bathathwa njengabenze lezo zinsolo ngisho ngabe bazama ukuziqhelalanisa nazo.
Kuleli cala, iRepetition Rule iyasebenza kubasolwa ngokuthi bafaka enkundleni yokuxhumana isitatimende esehlisa isithunzi besebenzisa ulwazi abaluthola emthonjeni ongadaluliwe.
Kodwa ukwethembela kuRepetition Rule kunezinto eziningi uma kubhekwa ukwehliswa kwesithunzi ku-inthanethi. iRepetition Rule yakha iketanga lokushicilelwe nomthwalo ongabekwa kumuntu ngamunye kuleli ketanga obambe iqhaza ekuqhubezeleni phambili isitatimende esehlisa isithunzi.
Isibonelo, umbhalo kaMalema kuTwitter uthathwa njengoshicilelo olwehlisa isithunzi. Kodwa iNkantolo ayizange iluthinte olwabantu abangama-237 abaphinde bafaka isitatimende se-EFF kule nkundla yokuxhumana iTwitter.
Ekufinyeleleni esinqumweni esifanele, iNkantolo Enkulu yabalula ukuthi ibuke izimo ezithile ezikhomba ubunzulu bokwehliswa kwesithunzi okuwumsuka wesitatimende esehlisa isithunzi, ubukhulu bomonakalo boshicilelo, isithunzi somuntu nokuziphatha kwezinhlangothi.
Nasekubhekeni isisombululo esifanele, iNkantolo ithe: “Abamangalelwa bakhombise ukwedelela benqaba ukuhoxisa, ukuxolisa nokususa isitatimede sabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngenkanthi kucaca ukuthi kumele bakwenze lokho. Lokhu kuhlangene kukhombisa inzondo nesifiso sokulimaza uMnu uManuel siqu, ngokomsebenzi wakhe ngokusabalalisa isitatimende esehlisa isithunzi”.
Akungabazeki ukuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana zibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekwabiweni kolwazi nemibono okuvela emithonjeni eyahlukene. Inhloso yokusungulwa kwalezi zinkundla kwabe kuwukuthi kwabelwane ngolwazi nokuthi kube lula kubantu ukuxhumana kepha lokhu kubukeka sekushintshile ngendlela esezisetshenziswa ngayo. Abanye sebezisebenzisela ukulwa nabanye kanti izigilamkhuba nazo azizibekile phansi zizisebenzisela ukufeza izinhloso zazo zobugebengu. - nguSabelo Mbatha