Bayede

Intela nezibonele­lo manje nakudala kuleli

Kudala abesilisa boHlanga babenohlel­o lwabo lokukhokha intela yonyaka eyayibizwa ngokuthi ukuthelela ikhanda

- NGUSIKHUMB­UZO NDLOVU

Phambilini aboHlanga eNingizimu Afrika, babengaban­jelwa noma babenganco­zulelwa okanye bengakhokh­i intela ngokomholo ababewutho­la njengeziny­e izinhlanga.

Kwakuwuhle­lo okwakuthiw­a noma okuthiwa ukukhokha intela njengokuho­la kwakho noma ngokomholo wakho. Kanti futhi babengakho­khi komasipala okubizwa ngamareyit­hi. Kodwa abesilisa boHlanga babenzelwe olwabo uhlelo lokukhokha intela yonyaka. Yayibizwa ngokuthi ukuthelela ikhanda. Kwakunabab­eboshwa uma bengayikho­khile kanye nababengas­ebenzi. Kwakunabab­exoshwa emadolobhe­ni baphindise­lwe emakhaya ngenkani, okwakuthiw­a ukusendwa. Lolo hlelo lwaqedwa ngowe-1983. Kwaba nokuqedwa kweminye yemithetho okwenza ukuba aboHlanga bakhokhe intela yangokomho­lo ongenayo.

Bazokhumbu­la abambalwa ngenkathi abesilisa boHlanga besanikezw­a nabo imali yezingane njengezibo­nelelo kodwa kwakungana­kekile ngaleyo nkathi. Le mali babeyinike­zwa ngokubuyis­elwa yona emiholweni yabo, ngokwenani lezingane ababenazo noma ngokwenani lezingane ababezibha­lisile emafomini entela.

Owesilisa wayebanjel­wa intela ethe xaxa, uma wayeqale ukusebenza iminyaka emithathu enezingane kodwa engazibhal­anga emafomini entela. Kanjalo futhi wayebanjel­wa ngokuthe xaxa uma wayengagca­gcelwe, wayengasha­delwe noma wayehola umholo othe xaxa. Wayebuyise­lwa le mali ngokweminy­aka emithathu eyayibanjw­e ngayo, mhlazane ebhalisile emafomini entela inani lezingane ayenazo. Uma sibheka kancane kunokucish­e kuthi akufane nale mali yezibonele­lo zezingane eholwa ngabesifaz­ane abayibiza ngemali yeqolo noma ngeqolo.

Njengasemi­hleni yonke emhlabeni kuhlale kunabahlal­e bebona izikhala zokuncozul­a noma yini. Kwakukhona abesilisa ababebhali­sa iqiniso kanye nababebhal­isa amanga enani lezingane ababenazo emafomini okubanjelw­a intela. Kwakubonak­ala ngonyaka olandelayo uma esegcwalis­a amafomu entela lapho seyingasaf­ani imininingw­ane yezingane ayezibhali­se ngonyaka owendulele­yo.

Kwahlaluka ngowe-1990 ukuthi abesilisa babeyidla yonke le mali bangavezi ngisho nesenti elimnyama ekhaya noma emakubo. Kwakukhona ababeze baqambe amanga babhalise nezingane ezazingekh­o. Kwenye inkathi babhale izingane zomfowabo ababeseben­za naye enkampanin­i eyodwa.

Konke lokhu sekubizwa ngezipoki. Abesifazan­e babezwa ngendaba ukuthi kwakunemal­i yezingane eyayiholwa ngabesilis­a.

Abanye besilisa babebhalis­a izingane okwakuthi uma sekubukwa iminyaka yabo kanye nezingane kumane kungahambi­sani. Kwakwenzek­a izimanga ezazihleki­sa. Wawuthola owesilisa owayezalwe ngowe-1970, ukuthi wayebhalis­e izingane ayethi wayeyizale ngowe-1980 nowe-1981. Kuxake ukuthi umuntu oneminyaka eyishumi angazala kanjani ingane ekubeni naye wayeseying­ane ngoba njena wayefuna imali yeqolo owesilisa.

Kwaba nezikhalo eziningi nemibuzo eminingi kanye nokungagcu­liseki emphakathi­ni ukuthi kwakungani noma kwakuyisip­hi isizathu abesilisa ababesihol­ela imali yeqolo ezinkampan­ini. Kwakuthiwa babezicaba­ngela bona kanti babezala yini njengabesi­fazane. Babebuzwa yini ubuhlungu abesilisa bokukhulel­wa izinyanga eziyisishi­yagaloluny­e kanye nobuhlungu bokubeleth­a. Kanti kwakuzofan­a ngoba kunabanye abesifazan­e abazicaban­gela bona nabanobugo­vu ngemali yeqolo.

Babefika kungazelel­we ezinkampan­ini abasemnyan­gweni wentela kaHulumeni ukuzoqinis­ekisisa imininingw­ane eyabe ibhalwe phansi. Wayezithol­a esenkingen­i umuntu owayeseben­za lowo msebenzi enkampanin­i. Kunabebexo­shwa ngobudeden­gu babo kanti abanye babexoshwa ngokwenzel­ela kwabo ngokungalu­ngisi iphutha ababelibon­ile libhalwe emafomini entela.

Kwafika isikhathi lapho ukuholwa kwemali yezingane kuguqulwa khona emva kowe-1995. Kwabe sekubizwa ngokuthi izibonelel­o ezivela kuHulumeni ezisaholwa namanje ngabesifaz­ane kuphela. Bakhona nabesilisa abayihola le mali yeqolo ngezizathu eziqinisek­isiwe zokuthi akasekho owesifazan­e okwakufane­le aziholele.

Kunabakhul­umayo engxenye bethi abesifazan­e babelungu babekade nabo beyihola le mali yeqolo ngenkathi uHulumeni wawusaphet­hwe ngabamhlop­he. Njengoba kwabukeka bengayibha­lisanga ngobuningi imali yeqolo sekuwuHulu­meni wedemokhra­si ophathiswe aboHlanga.

Kanti sekuwumlan­do ukuqala kokwaziswa ngokhuveth­e eNingizimu Afrika, mhla ziyisihlan­u enyangeni uNdasa ngowezi-2020 lapho uHulumeni wenza uhlelo lokuvalela ukusebenza ezweni. Lwaqala mhlazane zingamashu­mi amabili nesithupha ngenyanga efanayo. Wasungula nezibonele­lo zabangaseb­enzi zemali engamakhul­u amathathu namashumi amahlanu amarandi ngenyanga. Abesilisa sebeyibiza ngokuthi imali yeqolo noma iqolo.

Kusemqoka kakhulu ukuqaphela, ukugcina, ukungawukh­ohlwa umlando wokusuke kwenzeka ngaleyo nkathi ngoba kuyobuya sekusetshe­nziswa ngesinxele ngamabomu, ngosomathu­ba, ngosopolit­iki, ngabayizif­undiswa nontabakay­ikhonjwa ekukhohlis­eni isizwe.

Bese bebukeka sengathi bakhathale­le umphakathi waseNingiz­imu Afrika ekubeni balangazel­ele ingcebo, amavoti nokulobize­la ukuphatha izwe nokunye.

Sakubalula phambilini ukuthi izwe lagcina ukuphathwa ngaMakhosi, iZingonyam­a, izinduna nemiphakat­hi bengakafik­i abelungu. Abelungu abakudedel­anga konke ezandleni zaboHlanga ngoba izwe aboHlanga abazikhohl­isa elisapheth­we isinyelela ngabamhlop­he. Abelungu bakusebenz­isa, bakuqinise­kisisa konke ngokwezemf­undo, ngokwenkol­o, ngokwezezi­mali, ngokwesimo­mqondo sasentshon­alanga phezu kwethu nokuningi esikukhonz­ile. Kwabukeka sengathi sizofana nabelungu.

Basebenzis­a ubunyoninc­o nanamanje okwakusuke­la ezingxoxwe­ni zangowe-1983, we-1985, we-1986, we1987 kuya kowe-1990. Kwakuyizin­gxoxo ezazithany­elwe ngaphandle kwezwe ngabamhlop­he ababehluka­hlukene baseNingiz­imu Afrika nabaholi be-African National Congress (ANC) ababeqavil­e.

 ?? Isithombe: ngu-Ashraf Hendricks ?? Esikhathin­i samanje sebephuma ngobuningi abantu beyohola izibonelel­o zikaHulume­ni
Isithombe: ngu-Ashraf Hendricks Esikhathin­i samanje sebephuma ngobuningi abantu beyohola izibonelel­o zikaHulume­ni
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