Inzuzo ngezitokofela
Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi aboHlanga baqhamuke nezindlela zokudlalwa kwezitokofela ezizobasiza kungagcinwa ngokudlalela ukuhlukanisa ukudla kuphela ekupheleni konyaka.
Ukugcwala nokuthutheleka kwabantu bese kuba ukuxathuka, ukungcola, ubudixa, ukulimala kwengqalasizinda okuhlale kukhalwa ngakho emadolobheni akuqalanga manje.
Kwaqala kunganakiwe mhlazane amaBhunu ehlongoza ngohlelo lokuphathwa komazisi abafanayo abanombala oluhlaza okuthiwa ngamaID ngumphakathi wonke ezweni ngowe-1986.
Sakushayela ihlombe lokho ngoba sasizibona sesifana nabelungu ngokuphatha nje omazisi abafanayo. Kanti futhi yayikhona neminye imithetho eyacinywa ngeminyaka yowe-1980. Kwakungenkathi yobuholi bukaPW Botha owayenguMengameli wezwe, ngenkathi amaBhunu eqeda umthetho wokuphathwa kwamapasi nokuthutheleka kwaboHlanga emadolobheni. Kwabe kuwumthetho owawungunombolo wamashumi ayisithupha nesikhombisa wangowe-1952. Kwakukade kuyimithetho eyayiqalwe ngamaNgisi ngenkathi esabusa iNingizimu Afrika.
Abamhlophe, aboHlanga, amaNdiya namaKhaladi babe sebephatha omazisi abafanayo, abanombala oluhlaza ngowe-1987. Kwaqedwa ukuphathwa kwamapasi nokuthutheleka kwaboHlanga emadolobheni ngomthetho ongunombolo wamashumi ayisikhombisa nambili ngowe-1986. Kube sekuqalwa olunye uhlelo lwama-ID, olungamakhadi afana namakhadi asemabhange kusukela ngowezi-2014. Nokho kusaqhubeka ukuphathwa komazisi abafanayo abaluhlaza.
Kwasukela ngonyaka wokuqaliswa kokuphathwa komazisi abafanayo ukuba kubonakale sekugcwala, sekulimala, sekungcola, sekuxathuka emadolobheni. Kwaqhubeka nangemuva sekuyi-African National Congress (ANC) ephathiswe izwe. Kwanezezelwa nawuMthethosisekelo wezwe omusha kusukela ngowe-1996.
Kwancipha isibalo sabamhlophe, imisebenzi, izitolo ezazi s emadolobheni njengaseThekwini, emigwaqeni uWest noSmith neminye ngowe-1989. Kwathuthelwa enxanxatheleni yezitolo okuyiThe Pavilion ngowe-1990. Zanda nezinye izinxanxathela lapho bebaningi khona abamhlophe.
Sekwenzeka emigwaqeni uVictoria Street neminye sekuncipha izitolo zamaNdiya, asefudukela ko-Overport. Kungenzeka ukuthi akha udonga isinyelela ngabokufika okuyibona abahweba ngobuningi njengoba amaNgisi akha udonga ngabo ngowe-1860. Kwazibani. Asinakeni!
Ukuphathwa komazisi abafanayo kwenza kwabalula kowasemakhaya nowayeqhamuka koHulumeni bezabelo, kwaxegiswa imingcele yezifundazwe kwangaboshwa muntu kusukela ngowe-1987. Phambilini ngangicakulile ngokuxegiswa kwemingcele yezwe ngamaBhunu kusukela ngowe-1990, ukuthi ayenzela ukusiqhatha ngoba asinaki. Ubuholi benhlangano i-ANC, bangayiqinisa imingcele sebuphathiswe izwe ngowe-1994. Sesikhala ngokugcwala kwabokufika ngoba asinakanga besafika. Manje sesifuna amasosha ukuba avimbe emngceleni.
Kwahlaluka okunye ngomazisi abafanayo abaluhlaza emva kowe1995 ukuthi omazisi ababenikwe ngowe-1987 babengekho emthethweni. Babengaveli enqolobaneni yemininingwane yabantu ephelele kumakhompuytha, abaseMnyangweni Wezasekhaya, kondabazabantu ngoba babengenawo amagabelo okubizwa ngokuthi ibhakhodi angempela esiwabona manje. Kwakuchazelwe iPhalamende likazwelonke nguMntwana waKwaPhindangene, uMangosuthu Buthelezi, esenguNgqongqoshe woMnyango Wezasekhaya ngalowo nyaka. Kwaphuma nesimemezelo sokuba bonke ababenomazisi ababebathathe ngowe-1987 ukuba babhalise abasha. Babathola omazisi abasemthethweni.
Kunokukhuluma kokuthi abanye bokufika bathola omazisi abafanayo abanombala oluhlaza ngendlela engacacile eMnyangweni Wezasekhaya. Bagwazela izisebenzi zoMnyango. Kunezigameko zokuntshontshwa kolwazi lomuntu uma umazisi ofanayo ulahlekile wase utholwa izigebengu.
Kunezigameko lapho abanye bebhalisela ukuceba ngomazisi babanye bengazazi izinhloso zezigilamkhuba. Kukaningi kuvela ukuthi kusetshenziswa labo mazisi abasuke belahlekile noma bentshontshiwe kuyovulwa amaakhawunti nokunye ezindaweni ezahlukene kuthengwe ngabo ngabangamasela.
Phambilini sasibalule ukuthi kuyingozi ukunganaki umlando usaqala, kuyosenza njalo sibuke okwenzekayo sengathi kuqale ngaleyo nkathi. Yingakho ezindaweni ezehlukene abanye bethi “ukugcwala, ukulimala, ukungcola nokuxathuka kwamadolobha kwadalwa i-ANC. Kwakungenjena kusaphethe abelungu.” Sibe sesikhohliwe njalo ukuthi iminwe emine ikhombe thina. Engabe siwuqala ezinyaweni, siwuqale emnyombeni wawo umlando wokuthi kwaqala kanjani, nini ezweni. Singenzi ngabomu sengathi okunye kwakungazange kwenzeke izwe lisaphethwe ngabamhlophe. Ekubeni vele abelungu basaliphethe isinyenyela izwe ngezindlela eziningi yize kungaboHlanga okuthiwa baliphethe.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqedwa kwamapasi, kokuthutheleka emadolobheni nokuphathwa komazisi abafanayo kwakuyisife esasicushiwe ngabamhlophe ukuthi kwakuyodala izinkinga sekuphethe aboHlanga, bengeke bakhumbule ukuthi kwaqala nini. Kubonakala ngomehluko osesifundazweni esiseNtshonalanga yeKapa, okuphethe abelungu.
Ilapho abelungu befudukela khona uma bengayanga ukuyozinza phesheya. Okunye kungaba yiqhingasu eliyimfihlo labelungu lokugcina umlando ngeKapa. Ukuthi kuseNtshonalanga Kapa okwafikela oJan van Riebeeck nabanye ngowe-1652. Le ndawo ihlale iheleza umoya wasentshonalanga ngoba vele kuseNtshonalanga okwaqhamuka khona ubuKoloni nokuningi esisadidekile nesisaxabana ngakho e-Afrika.
Ababhali uGavin Maasdorp benoASB Humphreys bayabalula esahlukweni sesikhombisa esisencwadini iFrom Shanty Town to Township yangowe-1975 ukuthi ukuthutheleka emadolobheni kwakuzoba umthwalo ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, nokulimala kwengqalasizinda nokwanda kwemindeni, kwemijondolo emadolobheni njengoba kwenzeka mzukwana kuqala uhlelo lokuphathwa komazisi abafanayo ezweni ngowe-1987.