Ukuthikamezeka komfutho wehlo kungabanga izinkinga zokubona
Okubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ahlolwe ngokushesha angalindi uma ebona ukuthi kunento engalungile emehlweni akhe
Isonto lomhla wesi-7 kuya zili-13 kuNhlolanja libizwa ngeWorld Glaucoma Week elakhelwe ukuqwashisa ngesifo esiholela ekuvalekeni kwamehlo futhi kugqugquzelwa abantu kuba banakekele amehlo abo.
Izimo zamehlo ziyefana. Emhlabeni, okungenani abantu abayizigidigidi ezimbili banokuphazamiseka okuthile emehlweni okunye kwakho obekungagwemeka.
Uma ukuncipha kokubona noma ukungaboni nhlobo, kungabonwa noma kungalashwa ngesikhathi, kungaholela ekuvalekeni kwamehlo (okuncane noma okuphelele) okudala ubunzima ekwenzeni imisebenzi yansuku zonke okubalwa ukuzinakekela, amathuba omsebenzi, ukukwazi ukuthola izidingo zomphakathi nezempilo.
Ukuncipha kokubona kungadalwa izinto ezahlukene okuhlanganisa izifo ezifana noshukela, ukulimala emehlweni, ukukhula ngokweminyaka yobudala, ukungena kobuthi kucornea, iGlaucoma nokunye.
Yini iGlaucoma?
Lokhu iqoqo lezifo zamehlo elidala umonakalo womuzwa (optic nerve) othumela ulwazi lokubonayo ebuchosheni. IGlaucoma ingeyesibili ngokuba yimbangela ejwayelekile yokuvaleka kokubona emhlabeni futhi ihamba phambili njengembangela yokuvaleka kwamehlo kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala engama-60.
Kuhlawumbiselwa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezi-4.5 emhlabeni abasaboni emehlweni ngenxa yeGlaucoma nokuthi lesi sibalo sizonyukela ezigidini ezili-11.2 kusukela ngonyaka owedlule wezi-2020.
IGlaucoma ihlezi ithathwa njengegciwane elivala amehlo buthule okuthi uma inganakwa iphazamisa ukubona okungaholela ekuvalekeni kwamehlo. Uma amehlo esevalekile awabe esavuleka.
IGlaucoma ijwayele ukudalwa ukwanda komfutho woketshezi ehlweni okubizwa nge-Intraocular Pressure okungalimaza umthambo i-Optic.
Uma ukhula umonakalo, iGlaucoma ingadala ukuvaleka kokubona unomphela noma iminyaka ethile. Ezinye izimbangela zeGlaucoma ubuthi obuyingozi esweni, ukulimala esweni nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi esweni.
Zimbili izinhlobo zeGlaucoma
I-Open-Angle Glaucoma: Lolu wuhlobo olujwayelekile lapho uhlaka olumoma uketshezi emehlweni lubukeka lukahle kodwa uketshezi lube lungagelezi luphume ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kudala ingcindezi esweni okwandisa umonakalo emuzweni i-Optic.
I-Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Iso alikwazi ukumoma uketshezi ngendlela okufanele engabe lenza ngayo ngenxa yokuthi isikhala pakathi kwe-Iris neCornea siba sincane. Lokhu kungadala ukwanda kwengcindezi esweni.
Ngubani osengcupheni yeGlaucoma?
Ijwayele ukuhlasela abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwengama-40, izingane ngisho nezisanda kuzalwa. Ijwayele futhi kubantu abanomlando wayo emndenini, okashukela, owomfutho wegazi, owesifo senhliziyo, owokusebenzisa izikhuthazimzimba (prednisone), amaphilisi okudlikiza noma amakhambi omkhuhlane athengwa emakhemisi, oke walimala esweni noneCornea ewugqinsi ngokwedlulele.
Izimpawu zomuntu oneGlaucoma
Abantu abaningi abane-Open-Angle Glaucoma abazikhombisi izimpawu ikakhlukazi esigabeni sokuqala kwayo.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi okungenani kubantu abangamaphesenti angama-50 emazweni athuthukile zivela kamuva. Lesi sibalo singama-90% emazweni asathuthuka. Kujwayele ukuthi kubonakale ngokuthi umuntu angakwazi ukubona ezinhlangothini zeso.
Izimpawu ze-Angle-Closure Glaucoma zisheshe zibonakale kanti nomonakalo ungenzeka ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezejwayelekile ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu esweni, amehlo abomvu, ukubona isithombe esisandilinga uma kukhanya, ukungaboni, ukungaboni ngokugqamile, ukucanuzelelwa inhliziyo nokuphalaza. Lolu hlobo lweGlaucoma luyisimo sezempilo esibucayi futhi ludinga ukwelashwa ngokukhulu kushesha.
Yelashwa kanjani iGlaucoma?
Okubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ahlolwe ngokushesha. Uma ubona ukuthi kunento engalungile emehlweni akho, ungahlali ekhaya. Kungcono ukuba utshelwe ukuthi akukho lutho okungalungile ngamehlo akho kunokuthi uhlale ekhaya uvaleke amehlo ngenxa yokuthi usukume emveni kwesikhathi.
Ukugwema kungcono kunokwelapha, ngakho kubalulekile ukuthi uwazi umlando womndeni wakho njengoba iGlaucoma ithanda ukuhlasela emindenini, jwayela ukuhlola amehlo akho ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhula, gqoka izinto ezivikela amehlo uma ubamba iqhaza emidlalweni enamathuba amaningi okulimala nokunyakazisa umzimba (kukholelwa ekutheni ukuzivocavoca ngokwesilinganiso kwehlisa ingcindezi esweni).
Kulabo osekutholakele ukuthi baneGlaucoma, nazi izindlela zokwelashwa ezikhona:
Ukuconsisela esweni okwenzelwa ukwehlisa ingcindezi okungaba ngokunciphisa ukwakheka koketshezi esweni noma kwenyuse ukugeleza koketshezi luphuma esweni.
Imithi efakwa emlonyeni njengeBetaBlocker noma iCarbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI) okusetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ukumoma noma kwehlise ukwakheka koketshezi esweni.
Ilaser surgery esetshenziswa ukwandisa ukugeleza koketshezi lusuka esweni kone-Open-Angle Glaucoma. Ingavimba ukuvaleka koketshezi uma une-AngleClosure Glaucoma.
IMicrosurgery: Ekuhlinzweni okubizwa ngokuthi iTrabeculectomy, udokotela wakha umgudu omusha ukumoma uketshezi nokuqanda ingcindezi esweni. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungadinga ukuthi kwenziwe izikhathi ezingaphezulu kwesisodwa. Udokotela wakho angafaka ipayipi ukusiza ukumoma uketshezi.
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ukubona okwesikhashana noma unomphela kanjalo nokopha okanye ukungenwa ubuthi. Ukuzisebenzisa zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha kubalulekile.
Amacebo okuphila neGlaucoma
IGlaucoma isimo sesikhathi eside esidinga ukuhlale silandelelwa nodokotela wamehlo, ngakho-ke zijwayeze ukuthi uhlolwe.
Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuhlala uzivocavoca kungasiza ukwehlisa ingcindezi esweni futhi kugcine igazi ligelezela emizweni yeso. Ezinye izinto ezenziwayo zngakhuphula ingcindezi ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngohlelo lwakho lokuzivocavoca olungcono.
Ukudla ngendlela enempilo: Kuthokozele ukudla okunempilo. Ngeke kwagwema kuphela ukuthi iGlaucoma yakho ingabhebhetheki kodwa kuwukhiye ekugcineni umzimba namehlo kwakho kuphilile. Ezinye izincwaningo zithi ukudla okunama-Antioxidant amaningi kungasiza uma uneGlaucoma. Yidla ukudla okufana nemifino, ufishi oneOmega-3 Fatty Acid.