Ukukhathazeka eChina
Izibalo zikhomba ukuthi izinga lokuzalwa kwezingane eChina lishone phansi kunokuba likhule kule minyaka eyishumi edlule okudala ukukhathazeka kuHulumeni ngokuba isizwe sezaguga.
Isibalo sabantu eChina sisaqhubeka nokukhula njengoba sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti ayisi-5.4 safinyelela ngaphezulu kwesigidigidi esiso-1.4 kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
Lokhu kusho ukwanda kwabantu baseChina ngezigidi ezingama-72 kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ngokusho kwezibalo ezikhishwe iNational Statistics Bureau emva kohlelo lokubalwa kwabantu ngonyaka odlule nolubanjwa njalo emva kweminyaka eyishumi.
Yize lesi sibalo sizwakala ngathi sikhulu njengoba singaphezudlwana kwabantu baseNingizimu Afrika, nokho ngokwezibalo zaseChina sikhomba ukwehla kwezinga labantu.
Isikhungo sezibalo eChina sikhiphe imiphumela yohlelo lokubalwa kwabantu obelungonyaka odlule nolubanjwa njalo emva kweminyaka eyishumi. Izibalo zikhomba ukuthi izinga lokuzalwa kwezingane lishone phansi kunokuba likhule kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
Lokhu kudala ukukhathazeka kuHulumeni ngoba kusho ukuthi umkhokha wokuba isizwe sezaguga into ebonakala isaqhubeka nokuba inkinga. Isibalo sabantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 sikhule ngamaphesenti ayisi-5 safinyelela ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-264 kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
Lesi sibalo sisho ukuthi kubantu abangaphezulu kwesigidigidi esiso-1.4, cishe ama19% abo abantu asebesezingeni lempesheni nokuyizaguga, nokusho ukukhuphuka ngama-5.4% esibalweni sangowezi-2010.
UMqondisi woMnyango Wezibalo uNing Jizhe, uthe ukuguga kwabantu into ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlalo yabantu, kanti lokhu kusazoba isimo saseChina kule minyaka eminingi ezayo.
“Ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu asebekhulile kuzonciphisa abantu abasezingeni lokusebenza, ngesikhathi kuzokhula ingcindezi emindenini okuzomele inakekele izaguga, ngokunjalo nakuHulumeni ekulethweni kwezidingo,” kusho uNing.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibalo sabantu abasezingeni lokusebenza nabaneminyaka ephakathi kweli-15 kuya kwengama-59 sehle ngama-7% bafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-894 ngonyaka odlule.
Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi abantu abaseqoqweni lezisebenzi liya ngokuya lincipha nokuzolimaza umnotho wezwe kanye nezinhlelo zikaHulumeni zokukhuphula izinga lokukhula komnotho. Phakathi kowezi-2010 nowezi-2020, izinga lemfundo kubantu baseChina selibe ngcono kakhulu, kwathi uguquko emigomeni yokuhlelwa kwemindeni lwakhuthaza ukukhula kwesibalo sezingane ezizalwayo, ngokusho kukaNing.
“Izinguquko ezinkulu esezenzekile zikhomba ingqophamlando yentuthuko yomnotho kanye nenhlalo yabantu, nokho izibalo ziphinde zikhombe izinselelo izwe elizozilungisa.”
IChina ibe nezingane ezingaphezulu kwezigidi eziyishumi ezizalwe unyaka ngamunye kusukela ngowezi-2010 kwaze kwafika kowezi-2010.
Izingane kusukela zizalwa kuya eminyakeni eli-14 zibalelwe ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-253 ngonyaka odlule. Nokho uNing uthi zilinganiselwe ezigidini ezili-12 izingane ezizalwe ngonyaka odlule, nokusho ukwehla ngama-18%esibalweni sezigidi ezili-14 sangowezi-2019.
Ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngesibalo sabantu, uHulumeni ufake izinhlelo ezehlukene ukukhuthaza abantu ukuthi babe nezingane ngesikhathi ubeke nezinhlelo zokunakekela abantu asebekhulile.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo kubalwa ukuxegisa imigomo enciphisa isibalo esivumelekile emindenini kanye nokufaka imali ezikhungweni ezinakekela abantu abadala ezingaphansi kukaHulumeni kanye nokukhuthaza abatshali zimali ukuthi bangene kulo mkhakha.
Izwe iChina alilodwa kule nselelo yokuba nesibalo esiphezulu sabantu abakhulile njengoba sekuyinsakavukela emazweni amaningi e-Asia anjengeThailand esathuthuka kanye neJapan neSouth Korea asethuthukile.
Entshonalanga, amazwe athuthukile anjengeGermany nawo abhekene nengwadla yokunakekela abantu asebekhulile ngesikhathi sincipha isibalo sabantu abasezingeni lokusebenza.
Kusukela ngowe-1980 iqembu elibusayo iCommunist Party of China labeka imigomo eqinile yokunqanda abantu ukuthi bangabi nezingane ezingingi. Kodwa ukukhathazeka ngokuncipha kwesibalo sabantu abasezingeni lokusebenza kudale ukuthi ixegiswe le migomo kule minyaka edlule, nalapho abantu bekhuthazwa ukuthi babe nezingane ezingaphezulu kweyodwa.
Nokho ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezinga lokufunda, iningi labantu abasezingeni lokuqala imindeni bakhetha ukugxila ekwenzeni ngcono isimo sabo somsebenzi nemali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye bathola kunzima ukukhulisa izingane ngenxa yokungabi nemali eyanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziba nempilo engcono noma ukweselakala kwezinhlelo zokunakekela izingane kulabo abasebenzayo.
Isibalo sabantu abanemfundo yasemazingeni aphakeme sifinyelele ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-218 ngonyaka odlule, nesikhathi izinga labangafundile lehle ngama-2.7% lisuka ema4.1%.
Kubantu baseChina abayisigidigidi esiso-1.4, cishe ama-64% noma izigidi ezingama-902 abo zihlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.