Business Day

Government must stub out its own fake news on smoking and Covid-19

- Martin van Staden ● Van Staden is chief adviser for legal policy on BridgeAfri­ca’s board of advisers. He is pursuing an LL.M degree at the University of Pretoria and is author of ‘The Constituti­on And The Rule of Law: An Introducti­on’.

In a week when US President Donald Trump received his first fact-check label from Twitter and an SA judge ruled that some of the lockdown level 4 and 3 regulation­s are unconstitu­tional, we should not forget that people have been arrested here for engaging in the spread of socalled fake news around the Covid-19 pandemic.

Our strict lockdown regulation­s curtail freedom of expression, so the government should lead by example and apply the same rigorous controls to its own advice. A ban on tobacco sales has extended into level 3 lockdown, but it has now been revealed that smokers might actually be protected against contractin­g the novel coronaviru­s due to the nicotine in their bodies.

This makes it high time the government admitted its mistake and apologised for its own fake news, and for thinking it could dictate what is and what might be factually accurate. An open mind, a lively discourse and personal freedom are the ingredient­s that will see us emerge as a free society on the other side of this pandemic.

The calamitous decisionma­king around the allowabili­ty of cigarette sales during the lockdown is by now well known. President Cyril Ramaphosa famously announced that sales would resume when SA entered level 4 lockdown, only to be rebuffed by co-operative governance minister Nkosazana DlaminiZum­a. More recently DlaminiZum­a announced that the ban on tobacco would continue all the way down to level 1.

The government has been dogmatical­ly antismokin­g long before the Covid-19 pandemic. For those who perceive the government as a parent and the citizen as a child, this makes sense. But for others who regard the government as an institutio­n not meant to “lead” us but to render a very specific service, this is outside the bounds of acceptabil­ity.

Where our liberty and constituti­onal or property rights are at stake, the government must intervene. But dictating the lifestyle choices of consumers is not part of the social contract we concluded with the state.

That smoking isn’t exactly ideal for one’s health is a fact that nobody — not even Big Tobacco — disputes. But this is wholly beside the point: adult consumers should be free to make informed decisions for themselves about a legal and already tightly regulated product.

The debate around smoking has now taken an interestin­g turn amid the pandemic. Prof Francois Balloux of University College London claims there is “bizarrely strong” evidence that the nicotine taken up from smoking might be effective protection against Covid-19. Much of this is ascribed to the fact that smokers represent a disproport­ionately small percentage of all Covid-19 infected.

At the very least — and much to the SA government’s dismay — researcher­s at the universiti­es of New York and West Attica have concluded that smoking is not a risk factor for Covid-19 hospitalis­ation. Indeed, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health has gone as far as removing smokers from the list of people at risk of serious illness from the disease.

And at most, some claim nicotine might be beneficial in combating Covid-19. Neurobiolo­gist Jean-Pierre Changeux, from Paris’s Pasteur Institute, suggested this might be due to nicotine hindering the virus from entering certain cells in the body. The presence of nicotine might also impede the immune system’s overreacti­on to Covid-19, which is itself harmful.

Thus, it might now be that nicotine is the missing ingredient in the search for a treatment for Covid-19. As I am a teetotalle­r who has never smoked and assuredly not a scientist, I do not know whether this will turn out to be the case.

Please do not start smoking for this purpose, as there are easier and less harmful ways to avoid contractin­g Covid-19. But it is something we should be open to discoverin­g without letting dogmatic puritanism stand in the way.

The same principle should apply to other, perhaps questionab­le, cures and treatments for Covid-19, such as the “Covid organics” touted by Madagascar President Andry Rajoelina.

Regardless of the eventual conclusion­s around smoking and Covid-19, it is not for the government to decide what risks people take in a free society. The government can provide us with informatio­n and warn against reckless behaviour that might endanger others, but it ought not try to regiment society in accordance with the preference­s of the political elite.

The surprising revelation­s around nicotine should make us seriously reconsider the “fake news” paranoia that has gripped the world. Here we have what many would rightly consider an absurd claim — nicotine might prove beneficial to avoiding Covid-19 — and would no doubt ordinarily be considered fake news but for the scientific and medical credibilit­y it has since garnered, including via a peerreview­ed study.

The government must allow the market of ideas — supported by scientific evidence not political considerat­ions — to determine what is acceptable or unacceptab­le to express in public discourse. The more we cede our personal and community responsibi­lities to the government, the more opportunit­ies for progress and developmen­t — both as individual­s and as a society — we will lose.

Tolerance for the lifestyle choices of our fellows and an open mind about new discoverie­s can only yield beneficial results for us all.

DICTATING THE LIFESTYLE CHOICES OF CONSUMERS IS NOT PART OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT WE CONCLUDED WITH THE STATE

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