Infrastructure pivotal to Africa’s success

We are living through the first stages of a radical remaking of Africa’s economic landscape. On January 1, the largest global free-trade area in terms of countries participating came into existence, with the potential to transform the continent’s economic prospects.

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) covers 55 countries that are home to 1.3-billion people and a collective GDP of $3.4-trillion.

The agreement’s core aim is the reduction of trade costs. To achieve this it will eliminate 90% of tariffs and focus on the removal of outstanding nontariff barriers.

In much the way that the EU did, it will create a single market facilitating the free movement of goods and services. African economies will achieve greater integration with the world’s supply chains by having their rules about intellectual property, the movement of people and labour, competition issues and investment overhauled.

These aims and characteristics give the agreement the potential to transform trade, and therefore economic activity, across Africa. A recent World Bank report expects regional income will rise 7% or $450bn, while 30million people are expected to be helped out of extreme poverty by 2035 as the agreement helps stimulate economic growth and wages. Intracontinental exports are also seen increasing 81%, while the increase to non-African countries would be 19%.

It is estimated that the agreement will increase Africa’s exports by $560bn, with the largest contribution coming from manufacturing.

African countries conduct extremely limited trade with each other — in fact, the World Trade Organization (WTO) highlights that just 17% of

African exports are intracontinental, and that Africa accounts for just 2% of global trade. This does not compare favourably with Asia, where almost 60% of trade takes place with other Asian economies, and Europe, where more than two-thirds of trade is intraEuropean.

There is no doubt that the AfCFTA will solve multiple problems and bring a wealth of benefits to African economies as it creates a lucrative enabling environment. However, the WTO has already warned that the agreement must overcome implementation challenges if it is to realise its many benefits.

Not least among these implementation challenges is the need for robust, modern and well-maintained infrastructure.

Better power, transport and communications infrastructure will be pivotal to its success. Improved road, air, port and rail networks that facilitate crossborder trade and faster, more efficient borders are among the factors that investors, regulators and potential trade partners are reviewing as they assess the continent’s systems of trade.

The huge uptick in growth that we all want the AfCFTA to deliver cannot be measured, or delivered without infrastructure. This will require a serious collective effort, driven by public-private partnerships, to build predictability into the systems needed to support increased trade.

As businesses operating in Africa begin to trade with new, more regional partners, they will need to know that the systems supporting these relationships are able to support their objectives.

At the moment, the logistics behind products from sophisticated trading nations such as China are predictable: we know when they will arrive, and we know what standard the products are delivered at.

Good infrastructure enhances predictability and helps make the choice of dealing with new African trade partners clearer, simpler and less risky. This need will have huge implications for the continent’s often outmoded and ageing land transport systems, and we are particularly excited by the potential that these changes represent for the rail business, particularly in landlocked countries such as Rwanda.

The country’s reliance on the Mombasa port in Kenya adds a huge cost overlay to Rwanda’s imports, creating a major competitive disadvantage for the country. AfCFTA will help countries in similar positions compete, but we can only overcome these disadvantages if infrastructure enables the goals of the agreement.

We also see Information and Communications Technology (ICT) playing a critical businessenhancing role. Advances in monitoring and control technologies built about the internet of things will eliminate the need for managers and owners to be constantly present at their facilities. Trusted, reliable communications networks will be as valuable as better roads and railways in this regard.

Without modern, robust infrastructure we will not see the benefits of the AfCFTA come through at pace, and implementation of the agreement may stumble. We are working with our network of partners across Africa in the knowledge that infrastructure is pivotal to the successful delivery of the AfCFTA.

As we unlock the vast potential that the AfCFTA represents we should remind ourselves that it does not help for SA or any other country on the continent to grow in isolation. If you stay in a doublestorey house, you do not want to see your neighbours living in a shack. Africa needs to grow together. The AfCFTA is the right policy. Now we have a lot of work to do together to make it a reality.