Climate change may threaten HIV gains
Red flag raised at possible health outcomes as earth gets hotter
Climate change may reverse the gains of programmes aimed at preventing mother-tochild transmission of HIV, an expert in the field has warned.
Global increases in temperature are likely to intensify the affect of HIV, Matthew Chersich said in a guest editorial for the South African Medical Journal.
Chersich, from the Wits University Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, said SA was on the front line of the climate crisis because its temperatures were expected to increase at twice the global average.
Pregnant women produced more heat and were able to dissipate less of it, making them more susceptible to the effects of heat stress, he said.
Though there had been few studies in Africa, research elsewhere indicated that heat exposure is linked to a variety of poor birth outcomes.
Additionally, rising temperatures could affect mothers’ psychological wellbeing.
“The mental health effects of hot weather and other consequences of climate change are considerable though underappreciated
and may well worsen drug adherence during the post-partum period, for example,” Chersich said. He argued that the effects of extreme weather could undermine antiretroviral treatment programmes for pregnant women by worsening already inadequate drug supply systems.
In hotter conditions, babies drank more breastmilk, which was linked to higher rates of HIV transmission. Climate change had not been central to analyses of global disease patterns even though plenty of data was available, said Chersich.
To counter the effects of climate change, he suggested measures such as increasing natural ventilation and air conditioning in labour wards, prioritising hydration during labour, and setting specific heat-warning thresholds for pregnant women.
Heat is linked to a variety of poor births