Want to withdraw retirement funds on emigration?
JOON CHONG and WESLEY GRIMM
The National Treasury has published the Draft Taxation Laws Amendment Bill, 2020 (Draft Tax Bill) for public comment. One of the more contentious proposals in the Draft Tax Bill relates to the ability of people emigrating from SA to access amounts in their pension preservation fund, provident preservation fund and retirement annuity fund (retirement funds) when they leave.
In accordance with the policy decision to phase out “financial emigration” for exchange control purposes, which was announced in the 2020 Budget Speech, National Treasury and the SA Revenue Service (Sars) have proposed to amend the definitions of the terms “pension preservation fund”, “provident preservation fund” and “retirement annuity fund”.
South Africans emigrating for exchange control purposes are currently able to make pre-retirement lump sum withdrawals from the retirement funds if they financially emigrate for exchange control purposes in accordance with the process prescribed by the South African Reserve Bank.
The proposal in the Draft Tax Bill is for the payment of lump sum benefits from retirement funds to only be permissible when a member of a retirement fund ceases to be an SA resident and such member has remained a non-tax resident for at least three consecutive years or longer (three-year rule).
The three-year rule will impact all persons who are members of retirement funds and require immediate access to their retirement funds upon emigration.
The effect of the three-year rule is that members of retirement funds who emigrate will have to wait for a period of at least three years before they may access their pre-retirement lump sum benefits.
This will cause financial hardship for people, who may need these funds to start a new life in the destination country.
The proposed three-year rule also poses other practical problems, including that it does not consider the position of retirement fund members who financially emigrate shortly before it commences. Those who have started the financial emigration process but have not completed it by 1 March 2021 — the proposed commencement date of the three-year rule — will also be prejudiced.
A further practical issue is that the three-year rule makes retirement annuity funds more unattractive as retirement savings vehicles.
The reason for this is that members of retirement annuity funds will have to wait three years to access to their retirement benefits, whereas members of pension preservation and provident preservation funds may access certain preretirement benefits once prior to retirement and members of pension and provident funds may make a pre-retirement lump-sum withdrawal upon termination of their employment relationships.
The most puzzling feature of the three-year rule is its arbitrariness.
In SA, a person is considered to be an SA tax resident where that person is either ordinarily resident in SA or is deemed to be tax resident by complying with the threshold requirements of the physical presence test.
The three-year rule does not reconcile to either the ordinary resident test or the physical presence test and is, in fact, at odds with the definition of resident in the Income Tax Act, 1962 (Income Tax Act).
The three-year rule also creates a misalignment with other provisions in the Income Tax Act that give rise to immediate tax consequences when people cease being a tax resident in SA.
If the three-year rule was intended to create a better reporting arrangement in respect of which Sars may be assured that a person is emigrating from SA and has permission to live somewhere else, we recommend that enhanced administrative processes, similar to a Sars audit process, be undertaken before allowing the retirement funds to be released in whole at the relevant tax rates.
This would align with the way that the existing exchange control process administered by the South African Reserve Bank functions.
We recommend that National Treasury refrain from promulgating the three-year rule until all the practical issues regarding its implementation have been resolved.
The rule will impact all persons who are members of retirement funds