Fast-moving Omicron surges across the globe
Although South Africa is at the tailend of its Omicron wave, it has yet to reach its peak in many countries across the world. The countries of Europe and Asia are under intense pressure from Covid-19, having seen more than seven million newly reported cases of the disease in the first week of 2022, according to a statement issued by Dr Hans Kluge, World Health Organization regional director for Europe, on 11 January.
“Most of the European countries, as well as the US, they are yet to peak,” said Professor Shabir Madhi, dean of the faculty of health sciences and professor of vaccinology at the University of the Witwatersrand.
“They probably will peak pretty soon, in the next week or so, and then it will probably be another three to four weeks – based on the projection in South Africa, as well as the rapid rate of increase in those countries … before they start going towards the tail end of their wave as well.”
One of Kluge’s concerns is the pressure that the rapid spread of Covid-19 is placing on healthcare workers and facilities.
“It is challenging health systems and service delivery in many countries where Omicron
has spread at speed and threatens to overwhelm in many more,” he said.
By contrast, the Fourth Wave has placed less pressure on South Africa’s healthcare system than previous surges, according to Professor Salim Abdool Karim, the director of the Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa.
“In this instance, the hospitals didn’t really come under pressure,” said Karim. “We try treat the restrictions in relation to hospital admissions … and, because hospital admissions never went up to a point where we were concerned, there was no need in South Africa to institute other measures.”
Other countries have different thresholds for admitting patients to hospitals, according to Madhi. “In SA, you’re only going to admit a patient with Covid-19 if the patient requires supplemental oxygen. In Europe or in the US, they might be admitting patients, as an example, just to observe them to make sure that they’re not too sick.”
Because of these differences, ICU and high-care rates, rather than infectivity rates, are a better indicator of the severity of Omicron in other regions, according to Dr Angelique Coetzee, chairperson of the South African Medical Association.
Differing age profiles can also play a role in an area’s hospitalisations, Karim said. New York has “a lot more elderly people, and elderly people get more severe disease, and they also have a lot of unvaccinated people. When you take our elderly population, we have very high vaccine coverage – it’s over 70%.”
In South Africa, many people were infected with earlier variants of Covid-19, such as Delta and Beta. This, coupled with moderate vaccine coverage, may have contributed to the country’s low rate of deaths and hospitalisations under Omicron, according to Professor Glenda Gray, president and CEO of the South African Medical Research Council.
“The question is, is Omicron less virulent, or are South Africans better protected given this hybrid immunity that we’ve seen?”
The observation of other countries with differing levels of prior exposure and vaccination coverage is important in answering this question definitively, she added.
Kluge encouraged countries that have yet to be hit by the Omicron surge to act immediately in mandating the use of masks in closed settings and supporting citizens in getting their full vaccine series.
“Omicron moves faster and wider than any SARS-CoV-2 variant that we have previously seen,” he said.