Ivamise kwabesilisa i-haemophilia
KWELANAMUHLA sibheka kafushane inkinga okungavamile ukukhulunywa ngayo yokopha okunganqamuki. Ngolwasemzini le nkinga yaziwa nge- haemophilia. Imvelo inohlelo lokuba kwakheke amahlule lapho igazi lopha khona ngosizo lohlobo oluthile lwe- protein.
Ukungadaleki kwamahlule kwenza ukopha kunganqamuki uma umuntu elimala bese lokho kumbeka engcupheni yokuba igazi lophele ngaphakathi ebuchosheni nasemalungwini amadolo, amaqakala nezindololwane. Lokho kophela ngaphakathi kungakubulala.
Ongoti bathi le nkinga umsuka wayo uba wukuphazamiseka kolibofuzo okuwukuthi ihambelana nokuzalana noma ukuhlobana kwabantu. Owasihlonza kuqala lesi sifo ngumfundi waseZurich University, uFredrich Hopff, kanti usolwazi wakhe, uDkt Johann Lukas Schonlein wasetha elithi haemorrhaphilia, elagcina sekuthiwa yi- haemophilia ngo-1828. Umhla ka-17 April 2019, wusuku lomhlaba lokuxwayisa ngalesi sifo.
IZIMPAWU ZASO
Izimpawu zaso ziyehluka, kuya ngezinga lokwakheka kwamahlule, wukuba phansi nokuba phezulu kwalo. Ezinye zalezo zimpawu zimbandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:
ukopha ngokwudlulele uma usikekile, ulimele, emuva kokuhlinzwa noma ukukhishwa izinyo ngudokotela; uma ulimele kakhulu; ukopha kakhulu emuva kokugoma;
izinhlungu, ukuvuvukala noma wukuphaphatheka emalungwini;
umshobingo noma yindle enegazi;
umongozima ngaphandle kwezizathu ezaziwayo;
kubantwana abancane kuba wukuhlupha okungenazizathu.
UKOPHA EBUCHOSHENI
Ukushayiseka ekhanda kungaholela ekuthini wophele ngaphakathi ebuchosheni, ikakhulu labo izinga lesifo eliphezulu kubona. Lezi yizimpawu ezibonisa ukophela ebuchosheni:
Yizinhlungu nekhanda elibuhlungu elinganqamuki wukuphalaza uphindelela; wukuqwasha noma wukukhathala;
wukubona izinto ezimbili ibe iyinye ( double vision); wukukhathala okukufikela isigubhukane; wukubambeka njengomuntu onesithuthwane.
UKUSIHLONZA
Emndenini onomlando walesi sifo, kungenzeka ukwazi ukuthola umntwana esesesibelethweni ukuthi unaso yini noma cha. Nokho lolu hlobo lokuhlola lubucayi empilweni yomntwana ongakazalwa.
Xoxa nodokotela ngengcuphe kanjalo nokusizakala ongakuthola ngokuhlola kwalolu hlobo. Uma ingozi inkulu, izimpawu zibonakala ngonyaka wokuqala umntwana ezelwe kanti uma izinga lesifo emzimbeni lisendimeni nje, izimpawu zize zivele umuntu esesezingeni lobudala.
Abanye baze bazi ukuthi banale nkinga emuva kokuba bophile kakhulu uma kade behlinzwa ngudokotela.
ISIKHATHI SOKUBONANA NODOKOTELA
Phuthuma kwadokotela uma wena noma umntwana wakho ekhombisa olunye lwalezi zimpawu: izimpawu zokophela ebuchosheni; uma kunganqamuki ukopha lapho ulimele khona; amalungu avuvukele futhi ashisayo uma uwathinta kube buhlungu uma ugoba.
Uma emndenini ekhona onale nkinga, kungaba kuhle uhlole ulibofuzo ukuze uthole ukuthi unayo yini le nkinga ngaphambi kokuba uthole abantwana.
UKWELAPHA
Ziningi izinto eziphathelene nokwakheka kwehlule ngokwezinhlobo namazinga alesi sifo. Okuyiyona ndlela ehamba phambili ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo, wukufakelwa egazini ngepayipi uhlobo lwesithako esidingekayo esisiza ukuba kwakheke amahlule.
Le ndlela iye isetshenziswe ngesikhathi ukopha okwenzeka ngaso. Kuyenzeka futhi lokho kufakelwa kwesithako lesi kwenziwe ngokulandela uhlelo isiguli esiqhuba ngalo uma sesisekhaya, ukuze kuvinjelwe iziwombe zokopha.
Abanye kumele bathole usizo oluqhubekayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kokunye, ukubuyisela igazi elilahlekile kwenziwa ngegazi elithekeliwe. Ezinye izindlela yilezi ezilandelayo: Desmopressin - konalesi sifo ngokusezingeni elisendimeni, kusetshenziswa lesi sithako se- hormone ukuze sikhuthaze umzimba ukuba ukhiphe lokho okwenza igazi liwakhe amahlule. Lokhu kufakelwa kancane, kancane emithanjeni yegazi noma ngesifutho sasemakhaleni.
Anti-fibrinolytics - Le mishanguzo ivimbela ukuba amahlule angancibiliki.
Fibrin sealants - Le mishanguzo iyafakwa ngqo enxebeni ukuze ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwamahlule nokuphola kwenxeba.
Vaccinations - imishanguzo yokugomela i-hepatitis A no B kuba kuhle ukuyisebenzisa kone- haemophilia.
IMIKHUBA YOKUPHILA EFANELE
Ukuze kugwenywe ukopha kakhulu nokuvikela amalungu, zama okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- ukubhukuda, ukushova ibhayisikili nokuhamba kungasiza ekwakheni izicubu futhi kube kuvikela amalungu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Imidlalo yezikhwepha njengehockey, ukubambana ( wrestling) noma unobhutshuzwayo, kayiphephile konalesi sifo;
- Eminye imishanguzo ingase iqhubele phambili ukopha, njenge aspirin ne ibuprofen neminye. Esikhundleni sayo sebenzisa i- acetaminophen yona ephephile ekudambiseni izinhlungu;
- njenge- heparin ne- warfarin;
- inhloso lapha wukugwema isidingo sokuba kukhishwe izinyo ngelinye ilanga ngoba kungase kubeyimbangela yokopha kakhulu;
- okokuvikela amadolo nezindololwane, isigqoko sekhanda ( helmet) namabhande okuphepha, konke lokhu kungavikela ekulimaleni komntwana uma ewa. Impahla yasekhaya mayingabi nawo amakhona acijile.
UKUPHEPHA NOKWESEKWA
Ukulekelela umntanakho onale nkinga:
- leli bhengela lenza abezokwelapha bazi ukuthi umntwana wakho unalesi sifo ukuze uma kuba nesimo esiphuthumayo sokunqanda ukopha, basheshe bayazi inhlobo yesithako abazosisebenzisa;
- kungase kube yinselelo ukuthi kolunye uhlangothi uzame ukuba umntwana aphile njengabanye nokumenza aphephe ngakolunye. Usonhlalakahle onolwazi angakusiza ukuba ubhekane nezinselelo zalolu hlobo;
- qiniseka ukwazisa labo oshiya kubona umntwana - umzanyana, abasebenza ezinkulisa, yizihlobo, abangani nothisha - ngesimo somntwana. Nabaqeqeshi kumele bazi uma umntwana edlala umdlalo wezikhwepha. Umthombo: mayoclinic.org