Imizamo yokulwa nezimila eziyingozi
Kuthiwa izimila zokufika zidla amanzi ngokuphindwe kashumi uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlahla zemvelo
UYAKHULA umkhankaso wesizinda samagugu emvelo, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, wokulwa nezimila zokufika ( alien plants) ezihlasela le ndawo.
Ezinye zalezi zimila kuthiwa zinezimbali ezinhle, ezihehayo, ezilutha abathanda izihlahla ukuba bazikhe bayozitshalela zona kanti kababuzanga elangeni. Yize abeSimangaliso lo msebenzi wokulwa nabantumbi-zimila ( alien plants) ezindaweni zabo, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zimila ziyinkinga ezweni lonke.
NgokweSimangaliso, iningi lazo lineminyaka lafika eNingizimu Afrika kanti lapho elimila khona, lishiya kukhalwa njengoba lithatha indawo enkulu futhi lincintele izihlahla zemvelo kuleli.
Lokhu kungenza izinhlahla zemvelo zigcine sezingenayo indawo, ezinye zishabalale lapho kugasele khona ezokufika.
ISimangaliso Wetland Park - njengezinye izindawo ezivikelwe eNingizimu Afrika - ihlale ikhipha izisebenzi zayo ezibhekana ngempumelelo nalezi zihlahla, iningi lazo elidla amanzi amaningi ngokwedlulele uma liqhathaniswa nezihlahla zemvelo.
Empeleni iSimangaliso saqala ukuphaka impi ebhekene nalezi zimila zokufika ngesikhathi siqala ukwaziwa njengeSizinda samaGugu soMhlaba ngo-1999.
Lezi zimila zokufika zithathwa njengesitha sokuqala okumele sicoboshiswe yilesi sizinda samagugu emvelo.
Euwallacea sp.
“ISimangaliso silwela izinto ezimbili, okuwukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokwakha amathuba emisebenzi. Yingxenye enkulu yezisebenzi zethu, elinganiselwa ku-1 100, isebenza ukulwa nalesi sitha (izimila zokufika) unyaka nonyaka.
"Ngokubambisana, silwa silawule izihlahla eziyingozi - ezisabalala ngesivinini esesabeyo - endaweni ewu-50 000 wamahektha njalo ngonyaka,” kusho uMnu Carl Myhill oyimenenja kwaLand Care eSimangaliso.
Uthi okubaluleke kakhulu wukuqapha ngelokhozi izindawo osekukhucululwe izimila zokufika kuzona, kwazise ukuthi sezibulewe akusho ukuthi sekungaphunyulwa kwazise imbewu iyacasha, kubuye kukhule ezinye izimila.
Uveze ukuthi balawulwa yisabelomali abasinikwa yiNatural Resource Management Programmes - okuwuhlelo olungaphansi koMnyango wezeMvelo, amaHlathi nokuDoba - ukuthi bazobulala noma bazolawula “ukhula” olungakanani ngonyaka.
Izimila zokufika ziyingozi enkulu kwazise ziminya amanzi, zikhinyabeze ozakwabo bemvelo, izilwane nabantu imbala. Ezinye zalezi zimila zokufika zidla amanzi ngokuphindwe ka-10 uma ziqhathaniswa nezemvelo kuleli.
Ingozi enkulu wukuthi zincintela izimila zemvelo ezidliwa yizilwane. Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwewu-15 iSimangaliso silwa nezihlahla okubalwa kuzo ugamthilini neshoba ( pine tree) okusize ekubeni kuvuke imihosha namachini ezindaweni okwakumile kuzona lezi zihlahla.
Isimila esibizwa ngeFemine Weed - esingenise ngamandla ekugudleni kwemigwaqo ezweni lonke ngokuqala kwaleli shuminyaka - sesiyalawuleka ezindaweni ezakhele iSimangaliso, ngokusho kwabalesi sizinda samagugu ezemvevelo.
“Ukulawulwa kwezimila zokufika akubalulekile nje kuphela ezindaweni ezibiyelwe, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuba zikhalinywe nasekugudleni kwemgwaqo ngisho nangasemifuleni.
"Yize indawo eningi eyenganyelwe yiSimangaliso ingaseningizimu yeSodwana Bay, kodwa leli paki seliyelulile indawo elihlasela kuyona izimila zokufika, njengoba selingenise ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nalo, kuze kuyoshaya eKosi Bay, ngasemngceleni ohlukanisa leli neMozambique,” kusho leli paki esitatimendeni esithunyelelwe abezindaba.
Lithi unyaka nonyaka abacwaningi bezemvelo babona ingozi entsha ngezimila zokufika. Engqungqutheleni esanda kuba khona yeSouth African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) ngokubambisana neSouth African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) ne-Institute of Natural Resources (INR), kuvele uhlu lwezimila esezithanda ukuba yingozi.
Kulezi zimila kubalwa i-Ant Tree, iPompom weed, iCat’s Claw creeper, i-Elephants foot, iLollipop climber neYellow Himalayan raspberry.
Akuzona kuphela izimila zokufika eziyingozi empilweni yemvelo, kodwa kukhona namabhungane amise kabi imvelo emilayo. Elinye lala mabhungane - eliqa-le ukubonakala eNingizimu Afrika eminyakeni emibili edlule kanti linjalo nje, selizizwa lisekhaya kuleli - yi-Euwallacea sp (Polyphagus shothole borer).
Litholakale ezinhlotsheni eziwu75 zezihlahla zakuleli, kubalwa nezibalulekile, ezidliwayo; okuwukotapheya, amawolintshi, ulamula ne- pecan nut.