Wars must end for poverty and hunger to be eradicated
Levels of hunger in the developing world have fallen by nearly one third since the turn of the century but an “unacceptably high” number of people still do not have enough food to eat, largely because of the spread of armed conflicts, this year’s global hunger index has warned.
There are 27% fewer hungry people in the world today than at the turn of the century, according to the 2015 index, which was released on Monday by the International Food Policy Research Institute, Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide.
But, despite this progress, “the level of hunger in the world remains unacceptably high, with 795-million people still going hungry, more than one in four children affected by stunting, and 9% of children affected by wasting”, the index said.
It assessed the level of hunger in 117 countries where the issue is considered to be a problem and where data is available. It takes into account undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting and child mortality.
There are “serious” concerns about the level of hunger in 44 countries and “alarming” signs in eight other nations, the index said.
Armed conflict, which has cut civilians off from food supplies, is behind high levels of hunger in the Central African Republic, which ranked bottom of this year’s index, according to Dominic MacSorley, the chief executive of Concern Worldwide.
“You can contrast where there has been progress and go to Ethiopia and Rwanda, where the hunger levels have fallen substantially,” he said.
Conflicts have become more deadly since 2008. Despite the number of active wars falling from 63 in 2008 to 42 in 2014, the number of people killed in conflict areas has soared from 56 000 to 180 000 over the same period.
These intensifying wars are driving hunger in some of the world’s p o o r e s t c o u n t r i e s , Ma c S o r l e y said. Hostilities often drive civilians to deplete food stocks, making them more vulnerable to future food insecurity.
“Preventing civilian access to food markets, food production and/or food aid is the equivalent of using hunger as a weapon and is therefore a direct violation of human rights and international humanitarian law,” said Jean-Michel Grand, the executive director of Action Against Hunger United Kingdom, a nongovernmental organisation.
Many of the countries affected by the most violent conflicts in the world today — including Syria, South Sudan and Somalia — did not have enough data on hunger to be included in this year’s index. In total, 13 countries had to be omitted from the index because of a lack of available data.
In September, world leaders committed themselves to the wide- ranging sustainable development goals (SDGs), which aim to end extreme poverty, address the impact of climate change and reduce inequality by 2030. SDG2, a second set of goals, seeks to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture over the same period.
MacSorley said: “Without peace, ending poverty and hunger by 2030 will never be achieved. The time has come for the international community to make conflict prevention, mitigation and resolution a far higher political priority.”
Last year’s index warned that widespread consumption of poor-quality food, dubbed “hidden hunger”, is affecting two billion people.
The 2015 index includes data on child stunting and child wasting instead of just on the number of underweight children. This provides “more accurate information on undernutrition, enabling better humanitarian programming decisions to be made”, Grand said. — © Guardian News & Media 2015