Nov 1 in History
1896 — The first bare-breasted woman appears in National Geographic, when it publishes a picture of a Zulu bride and groom from SA.
1922 — The Ottoman Empire (which started rising in 1299) ends as Turkey’s Grand National Assembly abolishes the sultanate.
1935 — Gary Player, golf legend and SA Sportsman of the Century, is born Johannesburg. He wins nine major titles on the regular tour (Masters in ’61, ’74,’78; PGA Championship in ’62, ’72; US Open in ’65; The Open in ’59, ’68, ’74) and nine on the Champions (seniors) Tour. He is the only non-American (out of six, including amateur Bobby Jones) to win all four majors for a career Grand Slam. Nicknamed the Black Knight, Mr Fitness and the International Ambassador of Golf, Player is a renowned golf course architect with over 400 design projects on five continents. He has authored or co-written 36 golf books.
1939 — The first jet aircraft, a Heinkel He 178 designed by Hans von Ohain and developed with Ernst Heinkel, is demonstrated to the German Air Ministry. It follows Germany’s victory over Poland. 1954 — The Algerian War of Independence (sometimes locally called The War of 1 November) between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front begins. It ends on March 19 1962 with Algeria winning its independence from France.
1965 — In Cairo, Egypt, a trolleybus plunges into the Nile River in the Dokki suburb, drowning 74, most of them high school pupils on their way home from school. Only 19 passengers survive, breaking windows or escaping from open doors to free themselves.
1974 — Qwa-Qwa is granted self-government status, with Kenneth Mopeli as Chief Minister and Phuthaditjhaba as capital. It is dissolved on April 27 1994 and reintegrated into the Orange Free State. 1974 — Hello Kitty, designed and created by Yuko Shimizu and produced by the Japanese company Sanrio, makes her first appearance. Shimizu (born in Kyoto, Japan, on November 1 1946), sets November 1 as birthday for the fictional third-grader with her red bow and, notably, no mouth who lives outside London with her parents George and Mary White and twin sister Mimi. Hello Kitty is the second-highest grossing media franchise of all time (behind Pokémon), having generated an estimated $86bn in retail sales.
1975 — Keryn Jordan, footballer, is born in Pretoria. He loses his battle with cancer on October 21 2013, aged 37.
1993 — The Maastricht Treaty, concluded on February 7 1993 between the 12 member states of the European Communities, takes effect and the European Union is born. It now has 27 members.