‘War set to shrink Ukraine’s economy by 30% this year’

Ukraine’s economy will plunge by almost a third in 2022, more than previously expected, in a scenario in which the war ends this year, says the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).

The expected downturn is deeper than the 20% contraction the EBRD estimated in March because of a “larger than previously expected contraction in Ukraine as the war drags on”, the EBRD said in a report.

Russia’s invasion has upended trade in energy, agricultural commodities and fertilisers and disrupted supply chains, resulting in slower growth across Eastern Europe.

Gas prices in Europe have risen to historic highs, fuelling inflation across the region and putting manufacturers at a disadvantage compared with companies based in the US where gas is as much as four times cheaper, the EBRD said.

“Aside from direct war damage, agricultural production is hampered by lack of fuel, access to seeds, fertiliser and equipment,” the bank said.

Ukraine, which accounts for almost 10% of global wheat exports, 14% of corn and 37% of sunflower oil, is not expected to be able to plant or harvest up to 20%-30% of its agricultural land.

The forecasts assume that a ceasefire will be negotiated this year and reconstruction of the country can begin in 2023, with the economy projected to grow 25% next year.

The war has also revealed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, according to the EBRD. Two Ukrainian companies account for about 35% of the global supply of purified neon, a key component for the manufacture of semiconductor chips.

Russia’s economy is expected to shrink 10% this year and stagnate in 2023, according to the EBRD. —