Apple abused position in apps market — probe

● An investigation by India’s antitrust body has found that Apple exploited its dominant position in the market for app stores on its iOS operating system, engaging in “abusive conduct and practices”, a confidential report seen by Reuters showed.

The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has been investigating Apple since 2021 for possibly abusing its dominant position in the apps market by forcing developers to use its proprietary in-app purchase system.

Apple has denied wrongdoing, saying it is a small player in India, where phones that use Google’s Android system are dominant. The CCI’s investigations unit — in its 142page report which is not public but was seen by Reuters — said Apple wields “significant influence” over how digital products and services reach consumers, especially through its iOS platform and App Store.

“Apple App Store is an unavoidable trading partner for app developers, and resultantly, app developers have no choice but to adhere to Apple’s unfair terms, including the mandatory use of Apple’s proprietary billing and payment system,” the CCI said in the June 24 report.

“From the perspective of app developers, Apple iOS ecosystem is indispensable.”

Apple and the CCI did not respond to requests for comment.

The report comes as Apple faces increased antitrust scrutiny in other regions.

In June, EU antitrust regulators said Apple breached the bloc’s tech rules, which could result in a hefty fine for the iPhone maker. The company also faces an investigation into new fees imposed on app developers.

In January, in response to a new EU law called the Digital Markets Act, Apple outlined plans to allow software developers to distribute their apps to users in the EU outside Apple’s own App Store.

The CCI report is the most critical stage of the Indian investigation, and it will now be reviewed by the watchdog’s senior officials. Apple and other parties will be allowed to respond before a final decision is reached, which could include monetary fines as well as directives to change business practices.

The Indian case was first filed by a littleknown nonprofit group called Together We Fight Society, which argued Apple’s in-app fee of up to 30% hurts competition by raising costs for app developers and customers. Later, a group of Indian start-ups, Alliance of Digital India Foundation and Tinder owner Match filed similar cases at the CCI against Apple, which were all heard together.

In its submissions to the CCI, Apple argued that its market share in India is an “insignificant” 0%-5%, while Google commands 90-100%.

The company also argued that the in-app payment system allowed it to maintain and develop the safety of its App Store.