ADHD is a chronic disorder affecting the lives of children and their families, but there is help

ADHD is a biological brain disorder (likely genetic), that exists in both adults and children.

In SA, it affects between 216% of school-aged children and is the most common psychiatric disorder in children.

It often presents in the paediatric population for the first time and may persist into adulthood in between 60-70% of people.

This disorder is chronic and costly with a significant effect on the quality of life of both patients and their families.

Patients present with abnormal hyperactivity, impulsive behaviour and attention deficit.

ADHD can be either inattentive or hyperactive.

ADD is an older form of describing ADHD, indicating that the condition does not include hyperactivity as a symptom.

Typical symptoms that patients present with could be: Hyperactivity, fidgeting, restlessness, impulsivity, disorganised, difficulty in the ability to prioritise tasks, frequent procrastination, trouble with multi-tasking, poor time management/planning, easily distracted, impatient, and an inability to control anger and frustration.

A diagnosis is made when at least six symptoms are present which impair daily functioning.

Diagnosis should be made on a specialist level and include a clinical interview, comprehensive medical examination, complete medical history and documentation of present symptoms and functionality across all spheres of the patient’s life.

Collateral information from parents, teachers, life partners and friends are also very important.

Special investigations are a major cost driver and should not be included routinely.

It should be reserved for individual cases, based on their medical and family history.

Pharmacotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment.

Management should also include psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapy, supportive coaching and assistance with daily activities.

Exercise has been confirmed in many studies to have a positive effect on cognitive performance, executive functioning tasks and improves planning, working memory, inhibitory control, problem solving, processing speed and academic performance.

Though many individuals report benefits from “brain smart food”, there is no consistent scientific evidence for the use of any food supplements.

❝ Diagnosis should be made on a specialist level