Africa a cause of global poverty

POPULATION: RISING BIRTH RATE A BIG PROBLEM

A billion people have uplifted themselves in the last 20 years, says report. London

Rapid population growth in some of Africa’s poorest countries could put at risk future progress towards reducing global poverty and improving health, according to a report by the philanthropic foundation of Bill and Melinda Gates.

Demographic trends show a billion people have lifted themselves out of poverty in the past 20 years, the report found. But swiftly expanding populations, particularly in parts of Africa, could halt the decline in the number of extremely poor people, and it may even start to rise.

It found that poverty in Africa is increasingly concentrated in a few countries, which also have among the fastest-growing populations. By 2050, it projected, more than 40% of world’s poor people will live in just two countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria.

Asked about the best ways of tackling the challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control was key and this should be combined with investment in young people’s health and education.

“The biggest things are the modern tools of contraception,” he said. “If you have those things available then people have more control over being able to space their children.”

The report, entitled “Goalkeepers”, tracks 18 data points on United Nations (UN) development goals, including child and maternal deaths, stunting, access to contraceptives, HIV, malaria, extreme poverty, financial inclusion and sanitation.

In its family planning section, the report called on policymakers to empower women to exercise the right to choose the number of children they have.

According to UN data, Africa is expected to account for more than half of the world’s population growth between 2015 and 2050. Its population is projected to double by 2050 and could double again by 2100.

Yet if every woman in sub-Saharan Africa were able to have the number of children she wanted, the projected population increase could be up to 30% smaller, said the foundation’s report.

This would enable women to stay in school longer, have children later, earn more as adults, and invest more in their children. Smaller families tend to be healthier and more productive.

“To continue improving the human condition, our task is to help create opportunities in Africa’s fastest-growing, poorest countries,” the report said. “This means investing in young people.” – Reuters