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The environmental organisations submitted the worst environmental impact of coal mining would possibly manifest 45 years after mining stopped, when the mine voids were filled and the mines started to decant toxic acid mine drainage.

The Mabola Protected Environment, which consists of wetlands, pans and endangered grassland ecosystems, is the source of the Tugela, Vaal and Pongola rivers and has been identified as one of South Africa’s 21 strategic water source areas.