World pressure mounts on Maduro
● US vows to act after humanitarian aid effort for Venezuelans is frustrated by deadly violence
International pressure mounted against Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro on Sunday, with Washington vowing to take action after opposition efforts to bring humanitarian aid into the country descended into bloody chaos.
Self-declared interim president Juan Guaido called on the international community to consider all measures to “free” Venezuela after clashes at the border crossing left at least two people dead.
Guaido said he would participate in Monday’s Lima Group meeting of largely Latin American countries in Bogota, and called on the international community to be prepared for all possibilities regarding Maduro.
US Vice-President Mike Pence will represent Washington at the meeting.
Secretary of state Mike Pompeo said the US would take action as he condemned violence perpetrated by Maduro’s “thugs”.
President Donald Trump has said that Washington is not ruling out armed action.
Humanitarian aid, much of it from the US, has become the centrepiece of the standoff between Maduro and Guaido, the 35-year-old leader of Venezuela’s National Assembly who declared himself interim president one month ago.
The country is gripped by a humanitarian crisis that has seen poverty soar during a prolonged recession and hyperinflation.
Maduro claims the aid is a smokescreen for a US invasion, and has ordered several crossings on Venezuela’s borders with Colombia and Brazil closed.
Two people, including a 14year-old boy, were killed on Saturday in clashes with Venezuelan security forces that left more than 300 people wounded at various border posts.
Guaido had set a Saturday deadline for delivering food and medical aid stockpiled in Colombia and Brazil.
Hundreds of Venezuelans were frustrated in their attempts to collect the aid at the Colombian border, where they were pinned back by Maduro’s security forces.
Trucks with aid were prevented from entering the country, and force was used to keep out Venezuelan nationals trying to cross in from Colombia carrying aid parcels.
A ship with aid from Puerto Rico was forced to turn back after receiving a direct threat of fire from Venezuela’s military, the governor of the US territory, Ricardo Rossello, said.
From dawn, protesters in the border towns of Urena and San Antonio were kept at bay by the Venezuelan National Guard firing teargas and rubber bullets.
Gunshots could be heard in the streets of Urena during hours of rioting.
But the most serious incident came hundreds of kilometres away, at the Santa Elena de Uairen crossing point on the southern border with Brazil where the killings took place.
A further 31 people were wounded when Venezuelan troops opened fire on civilians hoping to collect aid across the border with Colombia, according to rights group Foro Penal.
Maduro’s supporters also halted and set ablaze two trucks loaded with aid driven through barricades on a border bridge, sending a pall of black smoke into the sky over the Santander crossing linking Cucuta and Urena.
Two other trucks carrying aid sent by Brazil to Venezuela returned to the Brazilian city of Paracaima after Venezuelan troops barred them from crossing for several hours.
Some Venezuelan National Guard troops, however, took advantage of the confusion to abandon their posts and cross into Colombia.
Guaido has offered amnesty to all security personnel switching sides. Colombia’s immigration service said at least 60 members of the armed forces had deserted the “Maduro dictatorship” by late Saturday.
Guaido – recognised as interim leader by more than 50 countries – formally launched a long-planned distribution operation at a warehouse at the Tienditas border bridge in Cucuta joined by the presidents of Chile, Colombia and Paraguay.
Angered by Colombia’s support for Guaido, socialist leader Maduro announced that Caracas was severing diplomatic ties with Bogota, and gave Colombian diplomats 24 hours to leave the country.