Vaccine hesitancy slows Africa’s coronavirus inoculation drive

● At current rate Ivory Coast will take more than two years to use 1.7m doses of AstraZeneca ordered

When Edith Serem received her Covid-19 vaccination last month at a hospital in Nairobi where she works as a doctor, nurses jokingly warned that she might start speaking in a foreign language.

Serem said some colleagues got the AstraZeneca shot after watching her closely for several days to see if she was OK, but others refused, still wary of possible side effects.

Health experts worry that public scepticism about taking the relatively small number of doses African countries have battled to procure, could prolong a pandemic that has already killed more than 3.3m people worldwide.

“I’m not an anti-vaxxer ... I have my children vaccinated up to date with everything out there, but this one? I’m not comfortable,” said a doctor in Kenya, who declined to be named as she was not authofew rised to speak to the media.

“If there is no data on longterm effects then we are all being guinea pigs. What happens in 10 years after this vaccine?”

So-called vaccine hesitancy is a global phenomenon. France and the US are struggling with it and scepticism is on the rise in some Asian countries such as Japan.

In Africa, health experts say a combination of warnings about possible rare blood clots, the rubbishing of vaccines by some leaders and mixed messages over expiry dates have all contributed to the slow rollout across the continent.

Covid-19 has also not hit Africa’s 1.3bn people to the extent it has ravaged some countries in Europe, Brazil, the US and India, leaving some on the continent doubting the seriousness of the disease.

The official death toll in Africa now stands at 121,000, lower than the UK alone.

Last week, the head of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), John Nkengasong, again implored citizens to stay vigilant, calling India’s Covid-19 disaster a wake-up call.

While Ghana and Rwanda have all but finished administering the doses they received last month, the rollout in some countries is so slow it could take years to use the limited shots they have, let alone inoculate their adult populations.

Kenya, for example, began vaccinating 400,000 front-line health staff and other essential workers in early March after receiving more than a million AstraZeneca doses from the global vaccine sharing scheme Covax.

By April 25, Kenya had only vaccinated 152,700 health workers, health ministry data shows.

Chibanzi Mwachonda, head of Kenya’s main doctors union, said the government had now offered the doses more widely because of the slow uptake of the vaccines, which the UN says would expire on June 28.

Health workers were already angry and suspicious because the government had failed to provide enough protective equipment, Mwachonda said. Now, many felt the government had not adequately addressed concerns about possible side effects.

Kenya’s health ministry did not respond to a request for comment.

Africa’s most populous nation, Nigeria, received its first consignment of 3.92m AstraZeneca shots on March 2. By April 23, just over 1.15m doses had been administered.

At that pace, it could take until mid-August to use the doses and nearly a decade to vaccinate the adult population. The shots would expire on July 9, a government official said.

Chika Offor, founder of the Vaccine Network for Disease Control advocacy group in Abuja, said the decision by some European governments to restrict or stop using AstraZeneca shots had compounded Nigerian fears.

In Ivory Coast, vaccination centres have been quieter than expected, raising fears that doses will be left unused when they expire in June.

The West African country vaccinated 105,110 people between March 1 and April 21 after receiving an initial shipment of 504,000 doses. At that rate, it would take more than two years to use the 1.7m doses it has ordered from Covax so far.

Health workers said some centres in Abobo, a suburb of the main city Abidjan, were only getting 20 people a day coming in for shots.

Joseph Benie, director of the hygiene institute, said they had issued public statements about the vaccine’s safety.

Democratic Republic of the Congo, meanwhile, received 1.7m AstraZeneca doses from Covax in early March.

It delayed the rollout after several European countries suspended the vaccine to investigate rare blood clots and 10 days after its drive inoculation drive got under way, only 1,300 people in a country of 85m had received a shot.

The government is now returning 1.3m doses to Covax before they expire.

Africa CDC’s Nkengasong said the slow uptake in Congo did not surprise him as an Africa CDC survey found only 60% of Congolese wanted the vaccine compared with 90% of Ethiopians.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) and Africa CDC have repeatedly advised that the benefits of the AstraZeneca vaccine outweigh the risks.

Yet some African leaders have denounced the shots, including Tanzania’s recently-deceased president, John Magufuli, Nigerian state governors and the head of a South African nursing union. Mixed messaging about vaccine expiry dates has added to the confusion.

The WHO and Africa CDC urged African countries not to waste donated vaccines after Malawi said it would destroy more than 16,000 AstraZeneca doses stamped with an April 13 expiry date.

Nkengasong said an analysis by the Serum Institute of India, which made the doses, showed they could be used until July 13 — but WHO’s Africa director, Matshidiso Moeti, said they should be stored until more information was available.

“Haphazard vaccine rollout is dangerous,” said Irungu Houghton, executive director of Amnesty International Kenya. “Public confusion at this time really feeds into vaccine scepticism.