The Independent on Saturday

Hawking couldn’t talk, but he could choose his voice

- COMPILED BY TANYA WATERWORTH

LONDON: Stephen Hawking’s computer-generated voice was known to millions of people around the world, a robotic drawl that enhanced the profound impact of the cosmologic­al secrets he revealed.

The technology behind his means of communicat­ion was upgraded through the years, offering him the chance to sound less like a machine, but he insisted on sticking to the original voice because it had effectivel­y become his own.

The renowned theoretica­l physicist, who died on Wednesday aged 76, lost his ability to speak more than three decades ago after a tracheotom­y linked to complicati­ons in the motor neurone disease he was diagnosed with at the age of 21.

Hawking started to communicat­e again using his eyebrows to indicate letters on a spelling card.

A Cambridge University colleague, Martin King, contacted US company Words Plus, which had developed a program to allow a user to select words using a hand clicker, according to a 2014 report in Wired magazine.

It was linked to an early speech synthesise­r, which turned Hawking’s text into spoken language.

In 1997, PC chip-maker Intel stepped in to improve Hawking’s computer-based communicat­ion system, and in 2014 it upgraded the technology to make it faster and easier for Hawking to communicat­e.

It used algorithms developed by SwiftKey, a British software company acquired by Microsoft, best known for its predictive text technology used in smartphone­s.

Hawking said the voice had been “described variously as Scandinavi­an, American or Scottish. I keep it because I have not heard a voice I like better and because I have identified with it.” – Reuter

When I turned 21, my expectatio­ns were reduced to zero. It was important that I came to appreciate what I did have. It’s also important not to become angry, no matter how difficult life is, because you can lose all hope if you can’t laugh at yourself

and life in general. – Renowned theoretica­l physicist Stephen Hawking, who died this week at the age of 76. At 21, Hawking was diagnosed with a condition similar to Lou Gehrig’s disease and given two years to live. The disease shut down Hawking’s motor functions, rendering him speechless and unable to move without a wheelchair. He communicat­ed with a computeris­ed voice.

Yes. And also a universe where

you’re funny. – Hawking tells latenight comic John Oliver on Last

Week Tonight in 2014 that there could be infinite parallel universes in which Oliver was smarter than Hawking – and funny.

The average consumer is being led into a listeria hysteria, which is having unfortunat­e consequenc­es for families who rely on processed meat as a

source of protein. – Dave Ford, chairperso­n of the Red Meat Industry Forum, commenting on listeriosi­s and its impact on the processed meat industry, saying that ‘misinforma­tion’ was being given to the public.

It’s becoming clear that she (Myeni) is not ready to co-operate with the committee. By looking at the letter, it’s a

declaratio­n of war. – ANC MP Zukile Luyenge on the failure of former SAA board chairperso­n Dudu Myeni to attend the inquiry into state capture being held by the portfolio committee on public enterprise­s. Myeni was due to be questioned on her alleged role in state capture activities, but had sent a message saying she was ill.

Either this was a direct act by the Russian state against our country, or the Russian government lost control of this potentiall­y catastroph­ically damaging nerve agent and allowed it to get into the hands

of others. – British Prime Minister Theresa May on the poisoning of Russian double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter,Yulia, in the UK town of Salisbury. At an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council on Wednesday, Russia vehemently denied any involvemen­t in the incident. It is really competitiv­e out there and your emotions take over… you don’t really have to say much. I think maybe just a look, that’s what I would say is aggression. It is the areas you bowl that put a batsmen under pressure, your presence on the field, just knowing you’re there. – Cricketer Lungi Ngidi speaking on comparison­s being made this week between himself and Kagiso Rabada as South Africa’s two young fast bowlers. This was after Rabada had been given a twomatch suspension for brushing shoulders with Australian captain Steve Smith after bowling him out in the second Test.

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STEPHEN HAWKING

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