Omega-3 hype is a myth, study shows

MEGA-3 fatty acids, found in oily fish such as sardines and salmon and once touted as a way of staving off heart disease and stroke, don’t help after all, according to a Greek study.

Based on a review and analysis of previous clinical trials including more than 68 000 people, Greek researchers said the fatty acids have no impact on overall death rates, deaths from heart disease, or strokes and heart attacks.

This was true whether they were obtained from supplements such as pills, or from fish in the diet, said the researchers, led by Mosef Elisef at the University Hospital of Ioannina.

“Overall, omega-3 supplementation was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiac death, sudden death, myocardial infarction or stroke based on relative and absolute measures of association,” Elisef and his team wrote.

A decade ago, medical evidence suggested that boosting omega-3s with food or supplements had a strong protective effect. Scientists cited improvements in levels of triglycerides – a type of fat in the blood – as well as blood pressure levels and heart rhythm disturbances. But since then, the picture has grown clouded. Earlier this year, a group of Korean researchers found that omega-3 supplements had no effect on heart disease or death based on 20 000 people in previous trials.

The current study pooled results of 18 clinical trials that assigned participants randomly to take either omega-3 supplements, or not. It also includes two trials in which people got dietary counselling to increase their consumption of omega-3 foods.

Researchers also considered whether growing use of statins and other medications could explain why later studies failed to support earlier findings. But, Elisef and his team said that wasn’t the case.

Because people who eat a lot of fish have been found to have less heart disease, researchers figured that perhaps putting the “active ingredients” in a pill could provide similar benefits, said Alice Lichtenstein, director of the Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory at Tufts University in Boston. “What we have learned… is you can’t think about individual nutrients in isolation,” she added.

People who eat fish often may be replacing things like steak, hamburgers or quiche, making for a healthier diet.

Instead of supplements, Lichtenstein recommended eating fish at least twice a week, having a diet rich in whole grains and vegetables, getting lots of physical activity, and not smoking. – Reuters

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