The Star Late Edition

SA women continue to live in fear

- Limited research

AS WE celebrate women this month, we should be mindful that, although thousands of women made history on the 9th of August 62 years ago, when they marched against apartheid pass laws, today women continue to suffer repression and oppression at hands of the opposite sex and those of their partners. A day hardly goes by without women being subjected to various form of gender-based violence.

There are many different definition­s of gender-based violence, but it can be defined as a term used to capture violence that occurs as a result of the normative role expectatio­ns associated with each gender, along with the unequal power relationsh­ips between males and females.

The expectatio­ns associated with different genders vary from society to society and over time. Patriarcha­l power structures dominate in many societies, in which male leadership is the norm, and men hold most power as opposed to women. These stereotype­s often contribute in ways that different genders are viewed and entrenched in our society

Gender-based violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, financial or structural and can be perpetrate­d by intimate partners, acquaintan­ces, strangers and institutio­ns. Most acts of interperso­nal violence are committed by men against women, and the man perpetrati­ng the violence is often known by the woman, such as a partner or family member.

According to www.saferspace­s.org.za/understand/entry/gender-based-violencein-south-africa, a website that advocates for the rights of women, although accurate statistics are difficult to obtain for many reasons (including the fact that most incidents are not reported) it is evident South Africa has particular­ly high rates of genderbase­d violence, including that against women and girls and violence against LGBTIQ+ people.

Below are some of the findings of a study conducted by Safer Spaces:

While people of all genders perpetrate and experience intimate partner and or sexual violence, men are most often the perpetrato­rs and women and children the victims.

More than half of all the women murdered, (56%) in 2009 were killed by an intimate male partner.

Between 25% and 40% of South African women have experience­d sexual and/or physical intimate partner violence in their lifetime

Just under 50% of women report having ever experi- enced emotional or economic abuse at the hands of their intimate partners in their lifetime.

Prevalent estimates of rape in South Africa range between 12% and 28% of women ever reporting being raped in their lifetime.

Between 28% and 37% of adult men report having raped a woman.

Non-partner sexual violence is particular­ly common, but reporting to police is very low. One study found that one in 13 women in Gauteng had reported non-partner rape and only one in 25 rape cases had been reported to the police.

South Africa also faces a high prevalence of gang rape.

Most men who rape do so for the first time as teenagers and almost all men who ever rape do so by their mid-twenties.

There is into rape targeting women who have sex with women. One study across four Southern African countries, including South Africa, found that 31.1% of women reported having experience­d forced sex.

Male victims of rape are another under-studied group. One survey in Kwa-Zulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape found that 9.6% of men reported having experience­d sexual victimisat­ion by another man.

In the wake of social media, stories to sensitise the society, often go viral, but this has somehow sparked a conversati­on.

Addressing the problem is a complex issue and requires multi-faceted responses and commitment from all stakeholde­rs, including the government, civil society and all citizens. The government and law enforcemen­ts agencies cannot do it alone

As we commemorat­e August as Women’s Month, lets us be mindful that the women that we celebrate continue to live in fear due to various types of violence and those who commit these crimes are violating other people’s rights to human dignity, freedom and security. How many innocent lives must be lost, violated and disrupted before we put an end to those gruesome acts? Busi Kheswa Gauteng Department of Social Developmen­t

 ?? PICTURE: OUPA MOKOENA/AFRICAN NEWS AGENCY (ANA) ?? HIGH PREVALENCE: Addressing gender-based violence in South Africa needs collective efforts and commitment, the writer says.
PICTURE: OUPA MOKOENA/AFRICAN NEWS AGENCY (ANA) HIGH PREVALENCE: Addressing gender-based violence in South Africa needs collective efforts and commitment, the writer says.
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