16 Personality Types

Four Temperaments by Keirsey

David Keirsey expanded on the ancient study of temperament by Hippocrates and Plato. In his works, Keirsey used the names suggested by Plato: Artisan (iconic), Guardian (pistic), Idealist ( noetic), and Rational ( dianoetic). Keirsey divided the four temperaments into two categories ( roles), each with two types ( role variants). The resulting 16 types correlate with the 16 personality types described by Briggs and Myers (MBTI).

Artisans

Composer (ISFP) Crafter (ISTP) Performer (ESFP) Promoter (ESTP)

Guardians

Inspector (ISTJ) Protector (ISFJ) Provider (ESFJ) Supervisor (ESTJ)

Idealists

Champion (ENFP) Counselor (INFJ) Healer (INFP)

Teacher (ENFJ)

Rationals

Architect (INTP)

Fieldmarshal (ENTJ) Inventor (ENTP)

Mastermind (INTJ) For illustrative purposes, Keirsey and his son, David M. Keirsey, have identified well- known individuals whose behavior is consistent with a specific type

1 The Supervisor – ESTJ Personality Extraverted Sensing Thinking Judging type

Supervisors are highly social and communityminded, with many rising to positions of responsibility in their school, church, industry, or civic groups. Supervisors are generous with their time and energy, and very often belong to a variety of service clubs, lodges, and associations, supporting them through steady attendance, but also taking an outspoken leadership role. Supervisors like to take charge of groups and are comfortable issuing orders. They are cooperative with their own superiors, and they would like cooperation from the people working under them. Rank, they believe, has its obligations, but it also has its privileges.

Comprising at least ten percent of the population, Supervisors enjoy and are good at making schedules, agendas, inventories, and so on, and they much prefer tried and true ways of doing things over speculation and experimentation. Supervisors keep their feet firmly on the ground and would like those under their supervision to do the same, whether employee, subordinate, spouse, or offspring. Supervisors have no problem evaluating others and tend to judge how a person is doing in terms of his or her compliance with, and respect for, schedules and procedures.

Supervisors are unbelievably hard-working. Even as children they are industrious, and they usually respect their parents as authority figures. In school Supervisors are often model students, dutifully following directions, doing all their homework, doing it thoroughly, and on time. Above all else, they wish to do what they are supposed to do, and they rarely question the teacher’s assignments, method of instruction, standards, or authority. And their industry and perseverance only become more important to them as they grow into adulthood and take on the responsibilities of job and family.

Supervisors approach human relations along traditional lines. Marriage and parenthood are sacred to them, and they tend to have a large circle of friends, with many friendships faithfully maintained over the years. Social gatherings and ceremonies have great meaning for them, and they look forward to holiday parties, club dances, weddings, class reunions, awards banquets, and the like. In social situations, Supervisors are friendly and talk easily with others. Though they can seem a bit formal in their manners, Supervisors are pretty easy to get to know. At ease in polite company, they tend not to confuse people by sending double messages or putting on airs- what they seem to be, they are.

Notable Supervisors:

George Washington

Sandra Day O’Connor Vince Lombardi

Judith Sheindlin (Judge

Judy)

Mike Wallace