Both sides ‘must give ground’
The insurgency in the Muslim-dominated South has become less lethal over the past year, but resolving the decade-long conflict requires Bangkok and the rebels to compromise and commit to a dialogue process, says the International Crisis Group (ICG).
The Brussels-based think tank said in its latest report “Southern Thailand: Dialogue in Doubt” that there were worrying indications that militants may have expanded operations beyond the traditional conflict zone of the four southernmost provinces — Songkhla, Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat.
After the May 2014 coup, the National Council for Peace and Order restructured the bureaucracy in the region, enhancing counter-insurgency measures, which led to a big drop in attacks, the ICG said. “In spite of this achievement, the security picture is mixed,” the report said.
Since it came to power last year, the military regime has focused on preserving bureaucratic and military prerogatives, the report said. But the government has rejected the concept of pluralism and political debate, opting instead to promote “Thainess” and “unity” concepts that are unlikely to reduce tensions in the South.
To lay the foundations for peace talks, the ICG recommended the government lift restrictions on the exercise of basic rights, especially freedom of speech and freedom of assembly.
It should consider recognising an official dialogue process with Malay-Muslim militant groups as a priority, endorsed by the National Legislative Assembly.
The government must also establish a peace dialogue unit reporting to the prime minister, and provide security guarantees to militant leaders willing to engage in the talks, the think tank said.
As for the Barisan Revolusi Nasional and other militant groups, the ICG urged them to commit to participation in the dialogue, and recognise their aim of self-determination was compatible with the preservation of Thailand’s territorial integrity.
The ICG said they should empower their political wings and develop their ability in research, analysis and communications to improve their participation in the dialogue process.
The insurgent groups must also cease attacks on civilians, in accord with their obligations as non-state armed groups under international humanitarian law, the think tank added.