HAINAN CHAMPION HNA SLIMS DOWN TO SURVIVE
Hundreds of workers pour concrete as cranes swing overhead at the building site where a giant skyscraper is set to soar above the palm-fringed streets of this tropical Chinese city.
The building is the first of two towers that will serve as the gateway to a new 200-hectare central business district in downtown Haikou, capital of the island province of Hainan in southern China.
The project is being constructed by HNA Group, the widely scrutinised and highly leveraged aviation-to-financial services conglomerate that got its start in Hainan 25 years ago as a regional airline with just two aircraft.
But HNA is now looking to shed at least some of its sprawling interests in the huge 100-billion-yuan (US$15.8 billion) business district, as it has done with many of the interests it has amassed in a $50-billion global spending spree.
HNA is now in talks with potential strategic partners for parts of the development, which a range of investors also have stakes in, according to sources familiar with the situation, even as it prepares to reorganise its operations and shrink its workforce.
The search for investors it its hometown underlines the difficulties the company is facing as it struggles under the weight of the debt it racked up during its rapid expansion.
HNA told major bank creditors in January that it faced a potential cash shortfall of at least 15 billion yuan in the first quarter.
In the last two months, it has sold more than $6 billion in prime real estate in Australia, New York and Hong Kong, while selling shares in Deutsche Bank, Park Hotels & Resorts, and Hilton Grand Vacations. HNA Infrastructure Investment Group, one of the key developers of the Haikou business district, is preparing to sell a Hainan-based property company and logistics unit to the developer Sunac China for 1.9 billion yuan.
When asked for comment on the sales, the company said in a statement that “HNA is always looking for trusted partners”.
The master plan for the Haikou business district includes 23 office buildings, residential compounds, and a massive luxury shopping mall. The first of the Haikou Twin Towers, 94 storeys high, is scheduled to open in 2020, and will include a St Regis Hotel.
Anchored in the centre of the district is the headquarters of the Hainan provincial government, with the HNA headquarters, a Buddha-shaped tower, sitting just down the road.
COMPANY ISLAND
Hainan is in many ways an HNA company island. HNA Group operates 92 enterprises across the province, employing 30,000 workers, with total assets of nearly $50 billion. It is Hainan’s biggest money maker, with total revenues outstripping the combined sales of the province’s next nine largest companies combined.
HNA is also critical to local government efforts to establish Hainan as a regional and global tourist destination.
The group operates the island’s three commercial airports and its flagship Hainan Airlines operates 17 international and regional routes from the province, transporting 45% of all visitors arriving by air.
The branded tailfin of Hainan Airlines, which travels to 110 cities worldwide, has elevated the province’s name around the world, said Edward Tse, chief executive of Gao Feng Advisory Company, who previously advised Chinese companies for Booz & Company and Boston Consulting Group.
“HNA is a business card for Hainan province,” he said.
Hainan Governor Shen Xiaoming, who visited the Haikou headquarters in November just as the severity of the company’s financial struggles emerged, underscored the importance of the group to the province’s development.
“HNA took root in Hainan, understands Hainan, implemented a new development concept in Hainan, and built a modern economic system in Hainan,” Shen said. “If HNA is good, then Hainan is good; when Hainan is good, then HNA is better.”
HNA and other non-state conglomerates in China have been under intensifying pressure from Beijing to clean up operations and deleverage their businesses.
In recent weeks, Chinese regulators have
taken control of Anbang Insurance Group. The government is also investigating the chairman of CEFC, which has agreed to take a $10-billion stake in the Russian oil major Rosneft.
HNA executives have recently elevated their patriotic rhetoric and have tethered company goals closely to those of Beijing.
HNA Capital, for instance, is helping to raise 20 billion yuan to help fund projects under the Belt and Road programme.
HNA’s cause is the “cause of the party, the cause of the people and the cause of all mankind”, group chairman Chen Feng told members of the HNA Communist Party committee on Feb 7, according to a company report.
Co-chairman Wang Jian voiced a darker message, telling employees that the company’s difficulties were the result of a “major conspiracy” against the party and President Xi Jinping by foreign and domestic “reactionary forces”, according to an
internal email.
China’s leading industrial conglomerates and technology companies all have Party committees, and such rhetoric is not unusual, said Tse of Gao Feng Advisory.
OFFICIAL SUPPORT
At the same time, HNA is engaged in a wrenching reorganisation of its domestic and overseas businesses.
Other foreign assets involved in the debt reduction programme include a 29.5% shareholding in the Spanish hospitality firm NH Hotel Group that is up for sale, and the Swiss airline services firms Gategroup and Swissport, which are being prepared for market listings.
At home, HNA is undertaking a massive reorganisation of its businesses, which include aviation, tourism, health care, technology and financial services.
Still, repayment of group borrowing, which surged by more than one-third over the first 11 months of last year to 637.5 billion yuan, has been exacerbated by liquidity issues, including the inability to pay a fuel bill of 3 billion yuan owed to China National Aviation Fuel Group.
However, the company appears to be getting crucial official support to help it survive, even if it’s unlikely to receive a direct government lifeline.
HNA since the end of the year has received credit from leading state banks, including Citic Bank, which in February extended a 20-billion-yuan facility.
Also in February, HNA Infrastructure obtained a loan of 7.8 billion yuan issued by China Development Bank, and the Hainan branches of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Agricultural Bank of China, to help complete its work on the international airport in Haikou.
The group also has been leaning on the more than 100 strategic relationships it has with provincial, municipal and local governments, while pursuing fresh regional cooperation deals.
For example, in the northern municipality of Tianjin, where it employs nearly 10,000 workers and operates a regional airline and cargo facilities, HNA is working with the government to create an international shipping centre.
These deals have helped HNA gain crucial credit support from regional banks. They also underline the extent to which the survival of the sprawling behemoth is important to regional governments, and Beijing.
For China, the stakes are high, said William Kirby, a professor at Harvard Business School who has written a case study on HNA.
“It’s reputationally important for China to get this right,” Kirby said. “At the end of the day, HNA needs to be deemed a successful Chinese and international company.”
Reuters
HNA’s cause is the “cause of the party, the cause of the people and the cause of all mankind”, group chairman Chen Feng told the company’s Communist Party committee members last month