South Korea birth rate falls to record low
SOUTH Korea, which has the lowest birth rate in the world, saw it fall to a record low last year, the government confirmed yesterday.
The decrease comes despite having poured billions of dollars into efforts to encourage women to have more children and maintain population stability.
The country has one of the world’s longest life expectancies and lowest birth rates, a combination that presents a looming demographic challenge.
Neighboring Japan is grappling with the same issue and on Tuesday the fast-aging nation announced that the number of births there had also dropped to a new low in 2023.
South Korea’s fertility rate – the number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime – dropped to 0.72 in 2023, down nearly 8% from 2022, according to preliminary data from Statistics Korea.
This is far below the 2.1 children needed to maintain the current population of 51 million, which at these rates will nearly halve by the year 2100, experts estimate.
The government has spent vast amounts on trying to encourage more babies, offering cash subsidies, babysitting services and support for infertility treatment.
But the birth rate has continued its chronic decline.
“The number of newborns, birth rates, and crude birth rates (newborns per 1,000 people) are all at the lowest point since 1970” when data collection began, said Lim Young-il, head of the Population Census Division at Statistics Korea.
Lim told reporters that South Korea’s 0.72 birth rate is the lowest among OECD nations, while the average age to give birth is 33.6, the highest in the OECD.
Experts say multiple factors, from high childrearing costs to a notoriously competitive society that makes well-paid jobs difficult to secure, are behind low birth rates.
The double burden for working mothers of carrying out the brunt of household chores and childcare while also maintaining their careers is another key factor.