Used Oil Management in Turkey and Turkey’s first Hydro-Treatment Re-Refinery Technology at a Glance

Total Turkey Pazarlama, which has been operating in the lubricant sector in Turkey for 30 years, has renewed its advanced oil analysis system ANAC series. The ANAC system, which has been growing with data from all over the world for 40 years and based on the database containing more than seven million diagnoses, identifies the vehicle or equipment problems through oil analysis. It offers specific solution recommendations to help you find where the problem comes from ( air filter, injection pump, cooling system…) and fix it before it becomes serious.

Developed specifically for four sectors

TOTAL has launched new ANAC analysis series in order to meet its customers' needs in intracity and intercity transportation, agriculture and construction machinery sectors and to offer

New Regulation on Used Oils in line with EU Legislation

Turkey used oil management regulation complies with laws of modern countries with most restrictive enviromental agenda. Turkey gives the priority to refining ( recycling) of used oil over energy recovery and insineration. The

published by From the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Official Gazette Number: 30985 on December of 21st of 2019.

It is prohibited to discharge used oils to soil, drainage systems, internal surface waters, ground waters, coastal waters, or any similar environment or to mix with liquid fuels, to use or permit to be used as liquid fuel or to recover, incinerate and/ or dispose of by using inappropriate means and methods.

Used oils must be collected and stored only temporarily and separately at source, where appropriate.

Used oils shall only be collected and transported by authorized organizations/ collectors. It is prohibited for any unauthorized persons to collect, transport, refine, recover and/ or dispose of used oils.

Oil producers, authorized organizations and those who are involved in activities regarding the temporary storage, collection, transportation re- refining, energy recovery and disposal of used oils shall be jointly and severally liable for any loss resulting from environmental pollution and degradation caused by used oils.

In order to produce high efficiency base oils from

used/ waste lubricating oils ( i. e. re- refining), only those clean production technologies which do not cause additional pollution can be employed.

Vehicle owners must change the vehicle's engine oil at a engine oil change station holding a valid permit issued by the relevant provincial directorate.

Turkish Lubricant Market is one of The Biggest in Europe but Registered Collection is fall behind…

Turkish lubricant and base oil market data estimates published by PETDER “Petroleum Industry Association”. Lubricant consumption of PETDER members, which was 464.635 tons in 2017, decreased by 14% in 2018 and totaled 410.579 tons. Turkey's total demand of lubricants is given as 593.617 ton in 2018. Turkey is one of the bigest market in terms of Base oil consumption in Europe.

EU demand on base oil is about 3.7 million ton/ year. % 83 of base oil supllied by Crude Oil Refining, % 17 of Base Oil is supllied by used oil Re- Refining. Collectable used oil amout is 2.1 million ton/ year and % 88 of collected properly in EU.

Turkish legislation is in line with the European Union procedures about used oil management but on the other hand behind for collecting and incentives for the re- refining. On the contrary, only 13% of potentially collectable used oil is legally and registered collected. % 87 of potentially collectable used oil is illegally collected.

Since, there is a huge openess in Turkey about registered collection, refining of waste mineral oil almost all of the used oils collected is processed with simple methods and the “output” is sold as “molding or textile oil". This unstandardized “oil output” consumed as fuel/ diesel.

Dehydration: Removal of contaminated water, glycols and fuel fraction ( gas oil)

Low Vacuum Evaporation Section: recovery of Light Distillate Oil form dehydrated oil by evaporation

High Vacuum Evaporation: Recovery of Heavy Distillate Oil by evaporation abd removal of spent additives i. e. Asphalt

Oil- Water Separation: Separation of fuel oil from waste water by using density difference and use it as secondary plant fuel

Water, glycols, solvents, fuel fraction and a light base oil fraction present in oil are evaporated at about 230240oC and 200- 250 mm Hg ( abs) in Dehydration Vessel . Heated oil from the shell & tube heat exchanger is recycled back to this section for providing heat to this section. The vapors are routed to condenser. The oil and water ( aqueous) phases are separated in a specially designed oil- water separator. Dry used oil is sent to the second stage of the plant – the first oil evaporation section.

Dry used oil feedstock is heated to approximately 280oC in under moderate vacuum ( 10- 15 mm Hg- abs) in a specially designed vertical heat exchanger to evaporate a light base oil fraction from used oil. The oil from the moderate vacuum evaporation section is sent to a standard shell & tube heat exchanger and then further heated in a second evaporator which operates at higher vacuum ( 2- 3 mm Hg abs) and temperature ( 290oC). Almost all remaining lubricating oil is evaporated from spent additives in the second evaporator. Hot thermal fluid is circulated thorough jackets of the two evaporators and the shell & tube heat exchanger. Spent additives are removed from the bottom of the second evaporator as residue. This re- refining residue is a saleable product as asphalt flux or can be blended into heavy fuel oils. The evaporated oil fractions are condensed and sent to tanks for storage. Uncondensed vapors are pulled by vacuum system and discharged at ambient pressure to an abatement device such as a thermal oxidizer. lubricating oil, under calculated conditions of pressure and temperature in presence of proprietary metallic catalysts. After the reactions are carried out in specially designed reactors, the high- pressure gas is recycled back to the reactors.

Make- up hydrogen is added to compensate for losses. The oil ( liquid) under high pressure is depressurized, stripped to remove light hydrocarbons ( naphtha) and dissolved gases, cooled and sent to storage tanks. The fuel byproduct is used as fuel in the process plant. The off- gas containing H S, mercaptan- like sulfurous compounds and

2 very light hydrocarbons is sent to a thermal oxidizer or another abatement device.

Output Product of the Hydrotreatment Refinery, output is “Group II+ Base Oil” with the yield of % 73 and low sulphur, high viscosity index and high saturates.

Conclusion

Used oils are dangerous for environment and human health if disposed improperly.

Used oils are not wastes. Used oils are feedstock for the Base Oil Re- Refineries.

Vacuum Distillation combined with Hydrotreatment technology is the most advanced technology for ReRefining used oils to high value added base oil.

Turkey has 600.000 ton/ year lubricant consumption and has no Re- Refinery and misuse of used lubricants as a diesel is very common.

For the base oil production; Used oil Re- Refining provides better advantages in terms of energy saving, high yield and efficient use of natural resources over Crude Oil Refining

TAYRAŞ is the Turkey's first Refinery having HydroTreatment Technology to process used oils.